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Managing and Caring For The Self

This document discusses concepts related to learning and intelligence. It covers 5 key points of the learning process, including that learning is active and builds on prior knowledge. It also discusses metacognition, which involves thinking about one's thinking, and study strategies like planning, monitoring, and evaluating. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is explained, identifying 8 types of intelligence. The document also discusses factors that contribute to intelligence like heredity and environment.

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328 views25 pages

Managing and Caring For The Self

This document discusses concepts related to learning and intelligence. It covers 5 key points of the learning process, including that learning is active and builds on prior knowledge. It also discusses metacognition, which involves thinking about one's thinking, and study strategies like planning, monitoring, and evaluating. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is explained, identifying 8 types of intelligence. The document also discusses factors that contribute to intelligence like heredity and environment.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 3: Managing and Caring for

the Self
Learning to be a
better learner
Five points of learning process

1. Learning is active
2. It builds on prior knowledge.
3. It occurs on a complex social environment
4. Learning is situated in an authentic context.
5. It requires learners’ motivation and cognitive
engagement.
Brain & Behavior Changes
A. Brain& Behavior Changes
Human Brain
Metacognition and Study Strategies
Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI)
Metacognition

- Commonly defined as “thinking about thinking”


- It is the awareness of the scope and limitations of your
current knowledge and skills.
- Enables the person to adapt their existing knowledge and
skills to approach a learning task, seeking for the optimum
result of the learning experience
- Includes keeping one’s emotions and motivations while
learning in check
- The goal of metacognition is for the student to be a self-
regulated learner.
- Metacognition basically has two aspects:
1) self-appraisal is your personal reflection on your
knowledge and capabilities.
2) self-management is the mental process you employ
using what you have in planning and adapting to
successfully learn or accomplish a certain task.
- Similar concepts:
1) metacognitive knowledge or what you know about how
you think
2) metacognition regulation or how you adjust your
thinking processes to help you learn better
• Declarative knowledge: refers to knowledge about
oneself as a learner and about what factors can
influence one's performance. 
• Procedural knowledge: refers to knowledge about
doing things. A high degree of procedural knowledge can
allow individuals to perform tasks more automatically.
This is achieved through a large variety of strategies that
can be accessed more efficiently.
• Conditional knowledge: refers to knowing when and
why to use declarative and procedural knowledge. 
Metacognitive Regulation

• Planning: refers to the appropriate selection of


strategies and the correct allocation of resources that
affect task performance.
• Monitoring: refers to one's awareness of
comprehension and task performance
• Evaluating: refers to appraising the final product of a
task and the efficiency at which the task was performed.
This can include re-evaluating strategies that were used.
• STUDY SMARTER.pptx
What is Intelligence?
• "An intelligence is the ability to solve problems,
or to create products, that are valued within one
or more cultural settings ( Gardner, 1983/2003)”
• “Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity
of the individual to act purposefully, to think
rationally and to deal effectively with his
environment (Wechsler, 1944, p. 3).”
Howard Gardner’s Theory of 8 Intelligences

• Verbal-linguistic intelligence. It is characterized


by the ability to think in words and use language
to express meaning.
• Logical-mathematical intelligence. It refers to the
ability to carry out mathematical operations; the
ability to handle long chains of reasoning; and
the sensitivity and capacity to discern logical or
numerical patterns
Howard Gardner’s Theory of 8 Intelligences

• Spatial-visual intelligence. It is the ability to think in


images, pictures, or three-dimensional figures, as well as
the capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world
accurately and perform transformations on one’s initial
perceptions.
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. It is the ability to be
physically adept at manipulating objects, controlling
one’s bodily movements, and handling objects skillfully.
Howard Gardner’s Theory of 8 Intelligences

• Musical-rhythmic intelligence. It refers to the sensitivity


to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone; the ability to
produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; and
the appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness.
• Interpersonal intelligence. It refers to the ability to
understand and interact effectively with others, as well
as the capacity to discern and respond appropriately to
the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of
others.
Howard Gardner’s Theory of 8 Intelligences

• Intrapersonal intelligence. It is the ability to understand


oneself; the knowledge of one’s own strengths,
weaknesses, desires, and intelligences; as well as
understanding of one’s own feelings and the ability to
discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide
behavior.
• Naturalist intelligence. It is the ability to observe
patterns in nature and understand natural and human-
made systems; sensitivity to the differences among
diverse species; and the ability to interact subtly with
living creatures
Identify what specific intelligence or skill associated with the
following occupations:

1. Nurse
2. Doctor
3. Lawyer
4. Teacher
5. Agriculturist
6. Farmer
7. Office manager
8. Journalist
9. Physicist
10. Guidance Counselor
Contributors to intelligence

• Heredity – refers to the genes one inherits form


his/her parents, which provide the upper and
lower limits of his/her intelligence quotient
• Environment – involves the experiences and the
psychological and physical exposure of the
individual to the various influences around
him/her
Motivation

It is the force that moves people to behave, think and feel


the way they do.

• Intrinsic motivations – internal factors like self-


determinations, curiosity, challenge and effort
• Extrinsic motivations – external factors such as rewards
and punishments
Instead of asking what you want to be
when you grow up, ask what problems
you want to solve.”
-Lauren Hurt-Ashwin

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