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Nsti, Mumbai: Draughtsman Mechanical - Cits

Plate or disk cams: Plate or disk cams are the simplest and most common type of cam. Cylindrical or drum cam: A cylindrical or drum cam

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Nitin B maske
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154 views41 pages

Nsti, Mumbai: Draughtsman Mechanical - Cits

Plate or disk cams: Plate or disk cams are the simplest and most common type of cam. Cylindrical or drum cam: A cylindrical or drum cam

Uploaded by

Nitin B maske
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NSTI, MUMBAI

DRAUGHTSMAN
MECHANICAL - CITS
NITIN MASKE
VOCATIONAL INSTRUCTOR
Cam and Follower
• The cam and follower is a device which can convert rotary
motion (circular motion) into linear motion (movement in a
straight line).

Cams Follower

Cam

Followers
(valves)
CAM - Definition

• Cams are used


to convert rotary
motion into
reciprocating
motion
Examples for cam

• In IC engines to operate the inlet and exhaust valves


Classification of CAM Mechanism
Based on modes of Input / Output motion
1. Rotating cam – Translating follower
2. Rotating cam – Oscillating follower
3. Translating cam – Translating follower
1. Rotating cam – Translating follower

Translating
followers are
constrained to motion
in a straight line and is
shown in figure.
2. Rotating cam – oscillating follower

Swinging arm or pivoted


followers are
constrained to rotational
motion and is shown in
figure. 
3. Translating cam – Translating
follower
The translating cam is a contoured or
grooved plate sliding on a guiding
surface(s). The follower may oscillate
(Fig. a) or reciprocate (Fig. b). The
contour or the shape of the groove is
determined by the specified motion of
the follower.
Classification of followers
According to the shape of follower
• Knife edge follower
• Roller follower
• Flat faced follower
• Spherical faced follower
KNIFE EDGE FOLLOWER
(i). A knife-edge
follower consists of a follower
that is formed to a point and
drags on the edge of the
cam. The follower shown in
figure. is a knife-edge follower.
It is the simplest form, but the
sharp edge produces high
contact stresses and wears
rapidly. Consequently, this
type of follower is rarely used.
ROLLER FOLLOWER
A roller follower consists of a follower
that has a separate part, the roller that
is pinned to the follower stem. The
follower shown in figure is a roller
follower. As the cam rotates, the roller
maintains contact with the cam and
rolls on the cam surface. This is the
most commonly used follower, as the
friction and contact stresses are lower
than those for the knife-edge follower.
However, a roller follower can possibly
jam during steep cam displacements.
FLAT FACED FOLLOWER
A flat-faced follower consists of a
follower that is formed with a large,
flat surface available to contact the
cam. The follower shown in figure is a
flat-faced follower. This type of
follower can be used with a steep cam
motion and does not jam.
Consequently, this type of follower is
used when quick motions
are required. However, any follower
deflection or misalignment causes
high surface stresses. In addition, the
frictional forces are greater than those
of the roller follower because of the
intense sliding contact between the
cam and follower.
SPHERICAL FACED FOLLOWER
A spherical-faced follower consists of
a follower formed with a radius face
that contacts the cam. The
follower shown in figure is a spherical-
face follower. As with the flat-faced
follower, the spherical- face can be
used with a steep cam
motion without jamming. The radius
face compensates for deflection or
misalignment. Yet, like the flat-faced
follower, the frictional forces are
greater than those of the roller
follower.
According to the path of motion
of follower
a) Radial follower
b) Offset follower
a) Radial follower

• When the motion of the follower is along an axis


passing through the centre of the cam, it is known as
radial followers. Above figures are examples of this
type.
b) Offset follower

When the motion of the follower is along an axis away


from the axis of the cam centre, it is called off-set
follower. Above figures are examples of this type.
Classification of cams
a) Radial or disc cam
b) Cylindrical cam
c) End cam
a) Radial or Disc cam

In radial cams, the follower reciprocates or


oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the
cam axis.
b) Cylindrical cams

In cylindrical cams, the follower reciprocates or


oscillates in a direction parallel to the cams axis.
c) End cams
It is also similar
to cylindrical
cams, but the
follower makes
contact at
periphery of This cam has a rotating portion of a
cylinder. The follower translates or
the cam as
oscillates, whereas the cam usually
shown in fig rotates. The end cam is rarely used
because of the cost and the difficulty
in cutting its contour.
2. CAM Nomenclature
• Cam profile: The outer surface
of the disc cam.
• Base circle : The circle with the
shortest radius from the cam
center to any part of the cam
profile.
• Trace point: It is a point on the
follower, and its motion
describes the movement of
the follower. It is used to
generate the pitch curve.
2. CAM Nomenclature
• Pitch curve : The path
generated by the trace
point as the follower is
rotated about a
stationery cam.
 Prime circle: The smallest
circle from the cam
center through the pitch
curve
2. CAM Nomenclature
• Pressure angle: The angle
between the direction of
the follower movement
and the normal to the
pitch curve.
• Pitch point: Pitch point
corresponds to the point
of maximum pressure
angle.
2. CAM Nomenclature
• Pitch circle: A circle
drawn from the cam
center and passes
through the pitch point is
called Pitch circle
• Stroke: The greatest
distance or angle through
which the follower moves
or rotates
3. Motion of the follower

As the cam rotates the follower moves


upward and downward.
• The upward movement of follower is called
rise (Outstroke)
• The downward movement is called fall
(Returnstroke).
• When the follower is not moving upward and
downward even when the cam rotates, it is
called dwell.
3.1 Types of follower motion

1. Uniform motion ( constant velocity)


2. Simple harmonic motion
3. Uniform acceleration and retardation motion
4. Cycloidal motion
a) Uniform motion (constant velocity)
• Displacement diagram: Displacement is the distance that a
follower moves during one complete revolution (or cycle) of the
cam while the follower is in contact with the cam.
• It is the plot of linear displacement (s) of follower V/S angular
displacement (θ) of the cam for one full rotation of the cam.
• A period is a part of the cam cycle and it includes the following:

Rise (Outstroke) – the upward motion of the follower caused by


cam motion.
Fall (Return stroke) – the downward motion of the follower caused
by cam motion.
Dwell – the stationary position of the follower caused by cam
motion.
a) Uniform motion (constant
velocity)
a) Uniform motion (constant velocity)

Displacement diagram
Since the follower moves with uniform velocity during its rise
and fall, the slope of the displacement curve must be constant as
shown in fig
a) Uniform motion (constant velocity)
b) Simple Harmonic motion

R IS E F A LL

60 120 180 240 300

360 = O N E R EV O LU T IO N O F C A M = 1 C Y C LE
b) Simple harmonic motion
c) Uniform acceleration and retardation

• Since the
acceleration
and
retardation
are uniform,
therefore the
velocity varies
directly with
time.
c) Uniform acceleration and retardation
HOW TO DRAW CAM PROFILE &
DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM
THANK YOU

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