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Understanding The Concepts of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science

Anthropology is the study of humanity including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity. It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social change and world history. Anthropology has four main fields: cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. Some influential anthropologists include Franz Boas, Alfred Kroeber, and Clifford Geertz. Sociology is the systematic study of groups and societies and how they affect human behavior. It has several branches including social organization, social psychology, applied sociology, and population studies. Some influential sociologists include Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Auguste Comte.

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663 views17 pages

Understanding The Concepts of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science

Anthropology is the study of humanity including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity. It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social change and world history. Anthropology has four main fields: cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. Some influential anthropologists include Franz Boas, Alfred Kroeber, and Clifford Geertz. Sociology is the systematic study of groups and societies and how they affect human behavior. It has several branches including social organization, social psychology, applied sociology, and population studies. Some influential sociologists include Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Auguste Comte.

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UNDERSTANDING THE

CONCEPTS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY,
SOCIOLOGY, AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Anthropology
 It includes topics such as human origin,
globalization, social change and world
history.
 It is the study of humankind in all times and
all places.
 It is the study of humanity including our
prehistoric origins and contemporary human
diversity.
Anthropology
 Goals Anthropology
 Fields Anthropology
 Anthropologists
The scientific study of sociology enables us to:
*Obtain possible theories and principles about
society as well us various aspect of social life.
*Critical study the nature of humanity, which
also leads to examining our roles within the
society.
*Appreciate that all things (In society) are
interdependent with each other.
*Broaden are familiarity on sociological fact,
which are acquired through empirical process.
*Expose our minds to the different perspective
on attaining the truth.
Goals anthropology
*Discovery what all people have in common
– By studying commonalities(folklores,
tradition, language, etc.)
*Produce new knowledge and new theories
about humankind and human behavior.
*Discovery what makes people different
from one another in order to understand
and preserve diversity.
*Look at one’s own culture more objectively
like an outsider.
ANTHROPOLOGIST
Franz Boas - widely considered to be one of the
greatest and most influential anthropologists ever, Franz
Boas was a German American scientist, who is also
known as the “Father of Modern Anthropology “.
Alfred Kroeber - he an American cultural
anthropology.
Clifford Geertz- he was an American anthropologist
who is remembered mostly for his strong support for
and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology,
and who was considered “for three decades…the most
influential cultural anthropologist in the United States.”
Fields Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology - refers to the
study of living people and their cultures
including variation and change. It deals with
the description and analysis of the forms
and styles and the lives of past and present
ages. Cultural anthropologists also study art,
religion, migration, marriage, and family.
Linguistic Anthropology- refers to the study of
communication, mainly (but not exclusively) among
humans. It includes the study of communication`s
origins, history, and contemporary variation.
Biological Anthropology-
• also known as “physical
anthropology”, this refers to the study of humans as
biological organisms including their evolution and
contemporary variation. It seeks to describe the
distribution of hereditary variations among contemporary
populations and to sort out and measure the relative
contributions made by heredity, environment, and culture
to human biology.
Archaeology- refers to the study of past
human cultures through their material
remains. It is the study of past human
cultures through the recovery and
analysis of artifacts.
Margaret Mead – American anthropologist
whose great fame owed as much to the force of
her personality and her outspokenness as it did
to the quality of her scientific work.
Edward Burnett Taylor – he was an English
anthropologist, the founder of cultural
anthropology.
Bronislaw Malinowski - he is arguable the
most influential anthropologist of 20th century,
certainly for British social anthropology.
SOCIOLOGY – it is systematic study of groups
and societies that people build and how this affect
their behavior.
Sociology
 Branches sociology
 Sociologists
Branches sociology
Social organization – this includes the study
of social institution , social inequality, religious
groups, and bureaucracy.
Social psychology – this area focuses on the
study of human nature and its emphasis on
social processes as they affect individual or
response which called ’’social stimulus’’.
Applied sociology – this is concerned whit the
specific intent of yielding practical applications
for human behavior and organizations.
Population studies – this area include size,
growth, demographic characteristics,
composition, migration, changes, and quality vis-
à-vis economic, political, and social systems.
Human ecology – it pertains to the study of the
effects of various social organization (religious
organization, political institution and etc.)
Sociological theory and research – it
focuses on the discovery of theoretical tools,
methods, and techniques to scientifically
explain a particular sociological issue.
Social change – it studies factors that cause
social organization and social disorganization
like calamity, drug abuse, drastic and gradual
social change, health and welfare problems,
political instability, unemployment and
underemployment, child and women’s issue,
etc.
Sociologists
Herbert Spencer- he was an English
philosopher, biologist, anthropologist,
sociologist, and prominent classical liberal
political theorist of the Victorian era.
Emile Durkheim - he was a French
sociologist. He formally established the
academic discipline - and with Karl Marx and
Max Weber – is commonly cited as the
principal architect of modern social science.
Karl Marx – he was the famous Prussian
political economist, journalist, and activist, is
considered to be one of the founding thinkers
of sociology.
Max Weber – born in 1864 in Eufurt, Province
of Saxony, in the Kingdom of Prussia (now
Germany), Max Weber went on to become one
of the most important sociologists in history.
Auguste Comte – he was a French
philosopher born in Montpellier, France in
1798, just after the French Revolution.

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