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19 - Frames

Frames are data structures that represent stereotypical situations or concepts as collections of attributes and values. A frame contains slots that represent attributes of the concept, which can be filled with specific values. For example, the "Dog" frame would contain slots like number_of_legs, has_tail, etc. An instance of a frame, like "Fido", would populate the slots with specific values for an individual dog. Frames allow inheritance of attributes and default values from parent frames.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
79 views21 pages

19 - Frames

Frames are data structures that represent stereotypical situations or concepts as collections of attributes and values. A frame contains slots that represent attributes of the concept, which can be filled with specific values. For example, the "Dog" frame would contain slots like number_of_legs, has_tail, etc. An instance of a frame, like "Fido", would populate the slots with specific values for an individual dog. Frames allow inheritance of attributes and default values from parent frames.

Uploaded by

Archana Panwar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Knowledge Representation

Frames
What is a Frame
 Developed by Marvin Minsky in 1975 at MIT.
 Represent mental models of a stereotypical situation.
 Knowledge about an object or event is stored together in
a memory as one unit
 A frame is a prototype of a concept
 Denoting the attributes of a concept
 The class of objects or concepts to which the concept belongs
 And some more things …

 An instance of a frame is a representation of a SPECIFIC


object
Example

 Fido is a dog
 The concept dog
 Fido is a particular dog

 How to show the concept/notion of a


particular dog????
Dog
{ Slot Name
is a: mamal;
no_of_legs: 4; Slot Value
type_of_teeth:sharpe;
has_tail: yes;
color_of_skin: ;
owner: ;
:
:
:
}
Fido
{
is a: dog;
no_of_legs: 4;
type_of_teeth:sharpe;
has_tail: yes;
color_of_skin: balck;
owner: Suruchi;
:
:
:
}
Mammal
is a
Teeth Sharpe

Dog legs
4

owner :
Instance of

Teeth Sharpe
legs
Fido 4

owner : Nisheeth
Object-Attribute-Value (o,a,v)

 An instance of a frame denotes an object


 A frame denotes a class to which the object
belongs
 The slot denotes the attribute of the object
 The slot can be of different types
 The slots are instantiated with values
Animal has_part

Head
subclass

size
Bear
Large
instance
likes
Baloo Honey
Bear
{
is a: animal;
found_in: Africa;
has_part: Head;
size: large;
}

Baloo
{
instance_of: Bear;
}
Slots

 Slots denotes attributes


 Attributes are typed
 Some values are defined in the frame
definition (already instantiated)
 Some values are defined in the instances only
 Instantiated slots define facts – may be used
to answer queries
What is there in the slots

 Values
 Types
 Constraints over possible values
 Predicates
 Daemons/ Functions
 Compare with object oriented systems
 Slots can be structured – frames within slots –
pointer to frames
OOS and FBS

• Frame
Class
• Instances
Objects
• Daemons
Methods
Girl
Is_a Human_Being

Name String

Age Int >15

Height Float <7.0

Stays_at String

Studies_in String

Grades Results

Writes_with Right_hand
Predicates in Slot

 Two general predicates


 If added
 If needed
 If added predicate are used to check the
constraints on the values
 Can be used for consistency checking as well
 If needed predicate states how to
find/compute a value
Girl
Is_a Human_Being

Name

Age

Height If added
test(constraint)
Stays_at

Studies_in

Grades
If needed compute
Writes with CGPA(Girl,results)
Rita
Instance_of Girl

Name Rita D’souza

Age 18

Height5.4

Stays_at Shri Shanta Ajirim

Studies_in BCA

Grades
If needed compute
CGPA(Rita,results)
Generic Value

 Does Rita drink milk?

 The answer is not in the instance description


of Rita nor in the Frame description of Girl

 Suppose Girl is a subclass of Frame


Human_Being which has an attribute and
value as
drinks:milk;
Solution

 Rita is an instance of a Girl


 Girl is a subclass of Human Being
 Human Beings drink milk.

 Thus, Rita drinks milk (Inherited)


 Generic values are values which hold true for
all subclasses of the class and all instances of
the class.

 Hence the generic values can be inherited


down the hierarchy.
Default Values
 With which hand does Rita writes?

 Again the answer is not in the description of


Rita

 Since we are not told that Rita is left handed; we


assume that Rita writes with right hand.

 Again inheritance of default value


Inheritance

 The known values can be inherited from the


parents unless more specific information is
not available with the child.
 In the super class (parent) the generic values
and default values are specified.
 The generic values are retained.
 Default values may be overwritten.

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