GO ...

LEGAL
Lect. Univ. dr Laura-Rebeca Precup-Stiegelbauer
cyp4d@yahoo.com
Tel: 0723888647

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A 1000 miles trip starts with the
first step!

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 The Tenses
TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
PRESENT -something SHORT I work I do not work Do I work?
SIMPLE happens INFINITVE I don’t work
every day repeatedly HE/SHE/IT +
sometimes -how often S, ES
always something
often happens
usually -one action
seldom follows another He works He does not work Does he work?
never -things in general
first…then -after the
following verbs:
to love, to hate, to
think etc
-future meaning:
Timetables,
programs

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
PRESENT now -something is TO BE I am working. I am not working. Am I working?
CONTINUOUS at the moment happening at the (AM, ARE, I’m working. I’m not working.
Look! same time of IS) +
Listen! speaking or INFINITIVE
around it + ING
- future meaning:
when you have He is working. He is not working. Is he working?
already He’s working. He isn’t working.
decided and
arranged to do
it (a fixed plan,
date)

PAST SIMPLE last … -action took place -regular: I worked. I did not work. Did I work?
… ago in the past, mostly INFINITIVE I didn’t work.
in 1990 connected with an + -ED
yesterday expression of time -irregular:
(no connection to 2nd column of
the present) table of He worked. He did not work. Did he work?
irregular verbs He didn’t work.

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
PAST while -an action WAS/WERE I was working. I was not working. Was I working?
CONTINUOUS happened in the + I wasn’t working.
middle of another INFINITIVE
action + ing
-someone was He was He was not Was he working?
doing sth. at a working. working.
certain time (in He wasn’t
the past) - you do working.
not know whether
it was finished or
not
PRESENT just -you say that sth. HAVE/HAS + I have worked. I have not worked. Have I worked?
PERFECT yet has happened or is PAST I’ve worked. I haven’t worked
SIMPLE never finished in the PARTICIPLE
ever past and it has a *
already connection to the * (infinitive + He has worked. He has not Has he worked?
so far present -ed) or (3rd He’s worked worked.
up to now column of He hasn’t worked.
since -action started in table of
for the past and irregular
recently continues up to verbs)
the present

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
PRESENT all day -action began in HAVE/HAS + I have been I have not been Have I been working?
PERFECT the whole day the past and has BEEN + working. working.
CONTINUOUS how long since just stopped INFINITIVE I’ve been I haven’t been
for -how long the + working. working.
action has been ING
He has been He has not been Has he been working?
happening
working. working.
-emphasis:
He’s been He hasn’t been
length of
working. working.
time of an
action
PAST already -mostly when two HAD + PAST I had worked. I had not worked. Had I worked?
PERFECT just actions in a story PARTICIPLE I’d worked. I hadn’t worked.
never are related to each *
other: the action * (infinitive +
which had already -ed) or (3rd He had worked. He dad not Had he worked?
happened is put column of He’d worked. worked.
into Past Perfect, table of He hadn’t worked.
the other action irregular
into Simple Past verbs)
the past of the
Present Perfect

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
PAST how long -how long HAD + BEEN I had been I had not been Had I been working?
PERFECT since something had + working. working.
CONTINUOUS for been happening INFINITIVE I’d been I hadn’t been
before something + working. working.
else happened ING
He had been He had not been Had he been working?
working. working.
He’d been He hadn’t been
working working.
FUTURE next week -predictions about WILL/SHAL I shall work. I shall not work. Shall I work?
TENSE tomorrow the future (you L+ I’ll work.
SIMPLE think that sth. will INFINITIVE
happen)
-you decide to do
sth. spontaneously He will work. He will not work. Will he work?
at the time of He’ll work. He won’t work.
speaking, you
haven't made a
decision before
main clause in
type I of the if
clauses

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
GOING TO -when you have BE (AM, I am going to I am not going to Am I going to work?
already decided to ARE, IS) work. work.
do sth. in the + GOING TO I’m going to I’m not going to
future + work. work.
-what you think INFINITIVE
what will happen He is going to He is not going to Is he going to work?
work. work.
He’s going to He’s not going to
work. work.

FUTURE An action will be WILL/SHAL I shall be I shall not be Shall I be working?

CONTINUOUS in progress at a L + BE + working. working.
certain time in the INFINITVE + I’ll be working.
future. This action ing
has begun before He will be He will not be Will he be working?
the certain time. working. working.
-Something He’ll be He won’t be
happens because it working. working.
normally happens.

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
FUTURE -sth. will already WILL/SHAL I shall have I shall have not Shall I have worked?
PERFECT have happened L + HAVE + worked. worked.
SIMPLE before a certain PAST I’ll have
time in the future PARTICIPLE worked.
*
* (infinitive + He will have He will not have Will he have worked?
-ed) or (3rd worked. worked.
column of He’ll have He won’t have
table of worked. worked.
irregular
verbs)
FUTURE -sth. will already WILL/SHAL I shall not have Shall I have been
PERFECT have happened L + HAVE I shall have been working. working?
CONTINUOUS before a certain + BEEN been working.
time in the future + I’ll have been
-emphasis: INFINITIVE working.
length of + ING
He will have He will not have Will he have been
time of an
been working. been working. working?
action
He’ll have been He won’t have
working. been working.

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
CONDITIONA -sth. that might WOULD + I would work. I would not work. Would I work?
L SIMPLE happen INFINITIVE . I wouldn’t work.
-main clause in
type II of the if He would He would not Would he work?
clauses work. work.
He wouldn’t
work.
CONDITIONA -sth. that might WOULD + I would be I would not be Would I be working?
L happen BE + working. working.
CONTINUOUS emphasis: length INFINITIVE I wouldn’t be
of time of an + ING working.
action
He would be He would not be Would he be working?
working. working.
He wouldn’t be
working

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 TIMPUL CUVINTE UTILIZARE FORMULA Exemplu la Exemplu la Exemplu la
SPECIFICE afirmativ negativ interogativ
CONDITIONA -sth. that might WOULD + I would have I would not have
L PERFECT have happened in HAVE + worked. worked. Would I have worked?
the past PAST I wouldn’t have
(It's too late now.) PARTICIPLE worked.
*
-main clause in *(infinitive +
type III of the if -ed) or (3rd He would have He would not Would I have worked?
clauses column of worked have worked.
table of He wouldn’t have
irregular worked.
verbs)
CONDITIONA -sth. that might WOULD + I would have I would not have Would I have been
L PERFECT have happened in HAVE + been working. been working. working?
CONTINUOUS the past BEEN + I wouldn’t have
(It's too late now.) INFINITIVE been working.
+ ING
He would have He would not Would he have been
emphasis: length
been working. have been working?
of time of an
working.
action
He wouldn’t have
been working.

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 THE KEY OF SUCCESS IN
SPEAKING
The Simple Aspect
Past Perfect Past Time Present Perfect Present Tense Future Perfect Future Tense

HAD + VB III VB II HAVE/HAS + VB I (III sg -s, SHALL/WILL + SHALL/WILL +

VB III -es) HAVE + VB III VB I
The Continuous Aspect
HAD + BEEN + WAS/WERE + HAVE/HAAS + AM/ARE/IS + SHALL/WILL + SHALL/WILL +
VB I + ING VB I + ING BEEN + VB I + VB I + ING HAVE + BEEN BE + VB I + ING
ING + VB I +ING
The Passive Voice – Simple Aspect
HAD + BEEN + WAS/WERE + HAVE/HAS + AM/ARE/IS + SHALL/WILL + SHALL/WILL +
VB III VB III BEEN + VB III VB III HAVE + BEEN BE +VB III
+ VB III
The Passive Voice – Continuous Aspect
HAD + BEEN WAS/WERE + HAVE/HAS + AM/ARE/IS + SHALL/WILL SHALL/WILL
+ BEING + VB BEING + VB BEEN + BEING + VB + HAVE + + BE + BEING
III III BEING + VB III BEEN + + VB III
III BEING + VB
III
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 Infinitive Past Past Participle Romanian Translation

Was / were Been A fi

To Be
Began Begun A începe
To Begin
Broke Broken A rupe, a sparge
To Break
Brought Brought A aduce
To Bring
Bought Bought A cumpăra
To Buy
Chose Chosen A alege
To Choose
Came Come A veni
To Come
Cost Cost A costa
To Cost
Cut Cut A tăia
To Cut
Did Done A face
To Do
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 Drew Drawn A desena
To Draw

Drank Drunk A bea

To Drink

Drove Driven A conduce

To Drive

Ate Eaten A mânca

To Eat

Fell Fallen A cădea

To Fall

Fed Fed A hrăni

To Feed

Felt Felt A simţi

To Feel

Found Found A găsi

To Find

Flew Flown A zbura

To Fly

Forgot Forgotten A uita

To Forget 14
 Got Got, gotten (AE) A lua
To Get

Gave Given A da
To Give

had Had A avea

To Have

Heard Heard A auzi

To Hear

Hit Hit A lovi

To Hit

Hurt Hurt A răni

To Hurt

Kept Kept A ţine, a păstra

To Keep

Knew Known A ştii

To Know

Left Left A lăsa, a părăsi

To Leave

Lit Lit A aprinde

To Light
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 Lost Lost A pierde
To Lose

Made Made A face

To Make

Meant Meant A însemna

To Mean

Met Met A întâlni

To Meet

Overtook Overtaken A depăşi

To Overtake

Paid Paid A plăti

To Pay

Put Put A pune

To Put

Read Read A citi

To Read

Rode Ridden A călări

To Ride

Ran Run A fugi

To Run
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 Said Said A spune
To Say

Saw Seen A vedea

To See

Sent Sent A trimite

To Send

Shook Shaken A scutura,

To Shake

Sang Sung A cânta

To Sing

Sank Sunk A se scufunda

To Sink

Sat Sat A sta jos

To sit

Slept Slept A dormi

To Sleep

Spoke Spoken A vorbi

To Speak

Stood stood A sta în picioare

To Stand
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 Stuck Stuck A (se) lipi
To Stick
Swam Swum A înota
To Swim
Took Taken A lua
To Take
Taught Taught A învăţa pe cineva
To Teach
Told Told A spune
To Tell
Thought Thought A gândi
To Think
Understood Understood A înţelege
To Understand
Woke up Woken up A se trezi
To Wake up
Wore Worn A purta
To Wear
Won Won A câştiga
To Win
Wrote Written A scrie
To Write
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 Numbers
0-9 11-19 10, 20, ...., 90 21-29, ..., 91-99
0 – zero 11 – eleven 10 – ten 21 – twenty one
1 – one 12 – twelve 20 – twenty 22 – twenty two
2 – two 13 – thirteen 30 – thirty 23 – twenty - three
3 – three 14 - fourteen 40 - forty 24 – twenty - four
4 – four 15 – fifteen 50 – fifty 25 – twenty - five
5 – five 16 – sixteen 60 – sixty 26 – twenty - six
6 – six 17 - seventeen 70 – seventy 27 – twenty - seven

7 – seven 18 – eighteen 80 – eighty 28 – twenty - eight

8 – eight 19 – nineteen 90 - ninety 29 – twenty - nine
9 - nine

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100 – one hundred / a hundred
101 – one hundred and one
325 – three hundred and twenty – five
1000 – one thousand / a thousand
1 504 – one thousand five hundred and
four
1 000 000 – one million / a million

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 THE NOUN
Substantivul este partea de vorbire care denumeşte fiinţe, plante, lucruri, noţiuni. În limba
engleză, la fel ca în limba română, există substantive proprii si substantive comune. In
limba engleză există 4 genuri, spre deosebire de limba română unde există doar trei genuri.
Există genul masculin (denumeşte fiinţe de sex bărbătesc), genul feminin (denumeşte fiinţe
de sex feminin), genul neutru (denumeşte obiecte ale caror gen nu ne interesează) şi genul
comun (denumeşte substantive cu o singură formă pentru ambele sexe).

Masculin Feminin Comun

Policeman Policewoman Police officer
Barman Barmaid Bar attendant
Businessman Businesswoman Businessperson
Buck Doe Deer
Bull Cow Ox
Rooster Hen Fowl
Grandson Granddaughter Grandchild
Boyfriend Girlfriend Friend
Groom Bride Spouse
He-bear She-bear Bear

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 Pluralul substantivului se marchează adăugând terminaţia –s. DAR
substativele terminate în –s, -z, -sh, -ch şi –x primesc terminaţia –es
(bus-buses, fox-foxes, match-matches, etc). Dacă terminaţia –ch se
pronunţă (k) atunci se adaugă doar terminaţia –s. Dacă –y final este
precedat de o consoană atunci se transformă în –ie şi se adaugă –s
(baby-babies).
Există câteva substantive la care pluralul diferă, nu merge după nici o
regulă (man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children,
mouse-mice, sheep-sheep, game-game, goose-geese, ox-oxen, louse-
lice, deer-deer, etc).

a cake of soap=o bucată de săpun

a drop of oil=o picătură de ulei
a sheet of paper=o foaie de hârtie
an item of news=o ştire
a glass/a bottle of water=u pahar/o sticlă cu apă
a spoonful of sugar=o lingură de zahăr
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100 – one hundred / a hundred
101 – one hundred and one
325 – three hundred and twenty – five
1000 – one thousand / a thousand
1 504 – one thousand five hundred and four
1 000 000 – one million / a million

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 THE ADJECTIVE
FEL POZITIV COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
V
ADJECT ADJECTIVE -er -est / -iest
IVE SCURTE
REGUL
ATE new newer the newest
cold colder the coldest
low lower the lowest
strange stranger the strangest
dark darker the darkest
big bigger
bigger the biggest
biggest
thin thinner
thinner the thinnest
thinnest
more the most

ADJECTIVE beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

LUNGI
patient more patient the most patient
incredible more incredible the most incredible
real more real the most real

LUNGI clever cleverer the cleverest

good, well better the best
bad, ill worse the worst 24
 THE PRONOUN

Singular Plural
I ­= eu We = noi
You = tu You = voi
He = el They = ei
She = ea They = ele
It = el/ea lucrul They = ele lucrurile

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 Pronumele nehotărât
Each, every = fiecare
Each other = unul pe / spre către altul
Everybody = toţi, toată lumea
Everything = tot, totul
Everyone = toţi, fiecare
All = tot, toată, toţi , toate, totul
One =un, unul , una, cineva,
Another = un altul, o alta, încă unul, încă o
One another = unul, una pe celalalt / cealaltă
Other = alt, altă, alţi., alte
The other =celălalt, cealaltă, ceilalţi, celelalte
Others =alţii, altele
The others =ceilalţi, celelalte
Both =amândoi, amândouă
Either =oricare dintre doi sau două 26
 Neither =nici unu, una dintre doi sau
două
Several =câţiva, câteva
Much =mult, multă
Many = mulţi, multe
Little = puţin, puţină
Few =puţini, puţine
Some = ceva, nişte, unii, unele, câteva
Somebody = cineva
Someone = careva, cineva
Something = ceva
Any =oricare, orice, ceva, nişte, vreun,
vreo
Anybody =cineva, orice, nimeni
Anyone = careva, oricare, nimeni
Anything = ceva, orice, nimic
Nobody = nimeni
No one = nici unul, nici o
Nothing =nimic
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PRACTICE MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE

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A crime is an illegal act which may result in prosecution
and punishment by the state if the accused (= the person
or people charged with a crime) is / are convicted (=
found guilty in a court of law). Generally, in order to be
convicted of a crime, the accused must be shown to
have committed an illegal (= unlawful) act with a
criminal state of mind. Look at the list of crimes in the
box, then look at the categories below. Decide which
category each one comes under, and write the crime in
the appropriate space in the table. Some crimes can be
listed under more than one category. One of the words /
expressions in the list is not a crime.

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1. abduction 2. actual bodily harm 3. aiding and abetting (= assisting) an
offender 4. arson 5. assault 6. battery 7. being equipped to steal 8. bigamy 9.
blackmail 10. breach of the Official Secrets Act 11. breaking and entering 12.
bribery 13. burglary 13. careless or reckless driving 14. committing a breach
of the peace 15. conspiracy 16. contempt of court 17. criminal damage
(vandalism, and sometimes also hooliganism) 18. deception or fraud in order
to obtain property, services or pecuniary advantage 19. driving without a
licence or insurance 20. drug dealing 21. drunk in charge / drink driving 22.
embezzlement 23. espionage 24. forgery 25. grievous bodily harm
26. handling stolen goods 27. indecency 28. indecent assault 29. infanticide
30. manslaughter 31. misuse of drugs 32. money laundering 33. murder 34.
obscenity 35. obstruction of the police 36. paedophilia 37. perjury 38.
perverting the course of justice 39. piracy 40. possessing something with
intent to damage or destroy property 41. possessing weapons 42. racial abuse
43. rape 44. robbery 45. sedition 46. suicide 47. terrorism 48. theft 49. treason
50. unlawful assembly 51. wounding

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Crimes against the person

Crimes against property

Public order offences

Road traffic offences

Sexual offences 33
 Look at these situations, then
decide which crime has been, or is
being, committed in each
case.

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1. TV Newsreader: Police believe the fire was
started deliberately at around 2 o'clock this
morning when burning paper was pushed
through the letterbox. They are appealing for
witnesses to the event.

2. Crown Prosecutor: Tell us in your own words

exactly what happened.
Witness: We were in the bar when a man walked
up to the victim, pointed a gun at his head and
said 'You're a dead man.' Then he pulled the
trigger three times. 35
3. Police constable: You were going in excess of
60, and this is a 30 zone.
Man in car: I think you're mistaken, constable. I
was well within the speed limit.

4. Woman: When I got home, I discovered that

my back door had been broken open.
Police officer: Had anything been stolen?
Woman: Yes, my new laptop, £200 in cash and
my pet parrot.
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5. Police officer: I'm sorry sir, but I have to
report your actions to the proper
authorities.
Man: Look, officer, here's £50. Let's just
pretend this didn't happen, eh?

6. Extract from a newspaper article: The

two men were arrested and detained after
police checks
revealed that they had been distributing
pornographic material over the Internet. 37
7. Interviewing detective: All right, Dagsy.
We know you didn't do the Cornmarket
Street bank job
yourself, but we know that you were
involved somehow.
Police suspect: I was just driving the car
Mr Regan, honest. And I didn't know what
the others
were up to until they came back with bags
of cash.
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8. TV newsreader: The car bomb went off in a
busy marketplace, injuring several shoppers.

9. Radio newsreader: The police raided a house

in New Street this morning and recovered 250
illegal copies of the latest Harry Potter film,
along with professional film copying equipment.

10. Man reading newspaper: I don't believe it.

The Foreign Minister has been caught giving
government secrets to another country!
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11. Political agitator: Now is the time to
rise up and overthrow the running dogs that
call themselves our government. Death to
the Prime Minister and his cronies! Death
to the Royal Family! Death to the system
that bleeds us dry and abandons us!
Unwashed anarchist hordes: Hooray!

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12. Shop assistant: I can't accept this £20 note,
madam. It's a fake.
Customer: What? You mean it's counterfeit?
Shop assistant: I'm afraid so. Do you have any
other means of payment?

13. Extract from a newspaper article: The

investigation into the rail accident confirmed that
it occurred because the rail company had failed
to maintain the tracks properly over a five-year
period. Eightpeople died when the train left the
tracks and hit an embankment.
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 14. Police officer: Take your time and tell me
what happened, dear.
Pensioner: The man who came to my door said
he had come to read the electric meter,
so I let him in. I went to the kitchen to make him
a cup of tea. When I returned he had gone, and
so had my television.
15. TV newsreader: A journalist working in the
city disappeared this morning. Police later
received a
note from a militant faction claiming that they
had taken him and were holding him hostage. 42
 For the exam-sem I:
- Aduceti pe fisa separat exercitiile din
Power Point (slide 29 inainte)
- From the book GO…LEGAL (pt
carte ma puteti contacta pe email)

1. Exercise 3 page 6
2. Exercise 4 page 7
3. Exercise 5 pag 8
4. Exercise 2 page 20
5. Exercise 2 page 25
6. Exercise 4 page 41
7. Exercise 5 page 44
8. Exercise 6 page 46
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9. Exercise 4, 5, 6 page 68
THANK YOU VERY
MUCH FOR YOUR
ATTENTION

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