Data Operations

Topic: Software
TOPIC: SOFTWARE
Objectives

 Define software
 Differentiate between Application software and system
software
 List at least 5 examples of application software
What is Software?

 Computer software, or simply software, is a collection of data

or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. 
Define these two major categories of software

 Application software is a program or group of programs

designed for end users. It includes applications such as
database programs, word processors and spreadsheets.
Define these two major categories of software (Cont.)

 System software is a type of computer program that is

designed to run a computer's hardware and application
program. The interface between the hardware and user
applications.
Types of system software

 An Operating System is system software that manages

computer hardware, software resources, and provides common
services for computer programs.

 Utility Software is software designed to help to analyze,

configure, optimize or maintain a computer. It is used to
support the computer infrastructure - in contrast to application
software, which is aimed at directly performing tasks that
benefit ordinary users.
List 5 examples of Application Software

 1) MS Word

 2) WordPad

 3) Notepad

 4) Microsoft Power Point

 5) Keynotes
List 5 examples of Operating System

 1) Apple macOS

 2) Google's Android OS

 3) Linux Operating System

 4) Apple

 5) Microsoft Windows
The operating
system (OS)
 Memory
Management

Device and I/O

Logging
Management

Operating
system

File
Security control
Management

Program
Management
Table of contens

 Memory management
 Security control

 Youtube.com
Objectives: To introduce the operating system

 Students will be able to:

 Explain the functions of an operating system (cognitive)
 Draw a concept map showing the types of function (psychomotor)
 Answer guide questions from each slide (psychomotor)
 Complete the matching column (psychomotor)
 Explain the differences between multitasking, multiprocessing and
multiprogramming (cognitive)
 Identify the different process modes (cognitive)
 Distinguish between the different types of user interface
(cognitive)
The operating system

 Known as the brain of the computer

 It has 6 main functions:
 Memory Management
 Device and I/O Management
 Security control
 Program Management
 File Management
 Logging of Events
Memory Management

 Allocates (gives) memory to programs that needs it

 Allocates (gives) storage space between all data stored on the
computer
 What is Virtual memory? Why is it important to the computer?
Device and I/O Management

 Is an interface between the application and the hardware

components, example, MS Word sending something to the
printer
 Name two (2) types of user interface.
 What are buffers?
 Draw or find a picture that shows the two types of interfaces.

r
Security control

 Provides security such as user name and password.

 Keeps track of users on the system, records the time
 What are the user name and password for the computer you are
using right now?
 Provide a reason as to why you have to select, ctrl, alt and
delete to access the computer.
Program Management

 It starts and stops the program

 What are the computer terminologies for starting and stopping
the computer program?
File Management

 OS keeps track of the thousand of files

 It locates stored files
 It saves files to memory
 It will copy, erase, rename and back up files
 Using the following link,
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?&p=file+management
+system&rs=0&fr=yfp-t-348-s&fr2
=
 complete the following tasks:
 Draw an example of file management
 Print screen and paste the diagram of file management into your
presentation
Logging of events

 OS keeps a log of all jobs executed and of every hardware

device
 Logs are used for spotting and diagnosing problems
 In your own words, tell me what is a log?
 What are some reasons for keeping a log?
 In your notebook, create the following table but place the
correct function with the correct task
Function Task

Memory Management Require a user to enter a password to carry

out an administrative task

Device and I/O Management Copy documents and music to an external

hard disk

Security control Launch a graphics application

Program Management Send instructions from a music application

to a set of speakers

File Management Allocate RAM to an application that is

currently running
4th objective
THE USER INTERFACE
Command driven

 Click on the following site and using print screen paste an

image of a graphic user interface.
http://www.google.com.jm/images?um=1&hl=en&biw=1020&bih
=555&rlz=1R2SKPB_enUS372&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=comm
and+driven+user+interface&btnG=Search&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=&
oq
=
 The Types of User interfaces
 Command Line Interface (CLI): The user Graphical User Interface (GUI): The
types commands at a prompt. user interacts with menus and icons.

Most operating systems include both a GUI and a CLI.

The User interface

 Command driven  Graphic User Interface

 Uses the keyboard to type  Used by clicking on Icons
commands into a window display  Uses menus that display options
 Very basic and intended to be for tasks and actions
purely functional  Pull-down menus drop a list of
 Need to know the correct syntax options
for giving commands  Pop up menus activated by a right
 Used by computer experts mouse click
Hardware Interfaces

 Hardware interfaces work by physical interaction. They are

useful for visually impaired people. Braille keyboards allow a
user to use their sense of touch to type letters into a computer.
A Braille keyboard is an example of a non-visual interface.
 Give an example of when you would need a hardware
interface.
Answer the next four
multiply choice questions
in your notebook
WRITE OUT THE QUESTIONS AND THE ANSWERS IN
YOUR NOTEBOOK
In your notebooks, write the questions and select the
correct answers.

1. Which of these is not a component you would find on a GUI

a) Button
b) Menu
c) Window
d) Braille keyboard
In your notebooks, write the questions and select the
correct answers.

2. Name and describe two interface elements you would find in

a GUI that would help you to navigate and use an operating
system.
3. Draw an icon that you could use to navigate your graphic
user interface.
In your notebooks, write the questions and select the
correct answers.

4. Which of the following is an example of a hardware

interface?
a) Touch screen
b) GUI
c) Command driven
d) Menu-driven
Graphic user interface (GUI)

 Click on the following site and using print screen paste an

image of a graphic user interface.
http://www.google.com.jm/images?hl=en&biw=1020&bih=55
5&q=user%20interface&rlz=1R2SKPB_enUS372&wrapid=tlif
130026829095611&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&tab
=wi
Aim/Topic: To introduce Computer software

i. Software refers to the programs that make the computer

function and enable it to carry out many different tasks.
ii. Programs are sets of instructions that tell the computer how
to carry out these tasks
iii. System software controls the hardware and how it works.
System software includes operating systems, translators and
utilities.
iv. When you start up a computer, you are booting it. The
booting instructions are contained in the ROM chip. During
booting, the computer looks for the operating system.
Main Memory

 RAM stores data temporarily while the computer is being used

 ROM stores data permanently, such as data to start up a
computer
 Special
purpose

Custom General
written Purpose

Application
software

Integrated
Questions
software
Utilities

 Utility programs or utilities are usually bundled with an

operating system. They maintain and protect the operating
system. Listed are some tasks performed by utility programs
a) Manage files by renaming, sorting, listing , backing up,
recovering and deleting them
b) Perform disk formatting which may include clearing a hard disk
and reprogramming it form scratch
c) Scan and defragment a hard drive; this reorganize the hard disk
for better memory management
d) Scan for viruses on a hard disk and remove any viruses that are
found
Application software

 Application programs or application software are programs

that allow a computer to carry out specific tasks but they are
not essential for the computer to work. If you want to use a
computer to create documents, you need an application
program for word programming.
Types of application, Uses and Example

Type Use Example

Word processing For typing and Microsoft Word
compiling
documents
Spreadsheet For putting together Microsoft Excel
and managing
spreadsheets
Database For creating and Microsoft Accsss
managing databases
Entertainment For playing
simulated games on
a computer
Graphics For creating and Adobe Photoshop
editing artwork,
photos and other
General purpose

 General purpose application software is popular software that

can be used by most people for many different purposes. Word
processing applications are general purpose, because they are
used for many reasons by people business and professionals.
General purpose software is often fairly cheap and reliable
because it has been used and developed by many people over
the years.
Special purpose

 Special purpose application software is designed for specific

tasks or industries. It does not have much use beyond those
task. For example accounting software is used for creating and
maintaining accounting records. It is useful only to accountants
or people in the accounting industry. Because it has a very
specific market, special purpose software can be quite
expensive.
Custom written

 Custom written software is often called tailor made or bespoke

software. It is written for a few owners or users to perform
specific tasks. Custom written software is often used to modify
general purpose software so it can do extra tasks. For example,
custom written macros for Microsoft Excel can automate some
spreadsheets tasks.
Integrated software

 Integrated software is a set of useful application that are

bundled together or sold together as one package. For
example; Microsoft Office is an integrated software package of
seven application programs. Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint,
Publisher, Outlook and FrontPage
 Integrated software is often a cost-effective way of buying
applications because you can get several applications for a
good price.
Questions

1. What is the name given to software that can be used by many

people for a wide range of tasks.
a) General purpose
b) Custom-written
c) Integrated
d) Special purpose
2. Which of these is an example of system software?
a) Spreadsheets
b) Database
c) Utilities
d) Games
Questions

3) Which of these is a translator that translates code by line by

line?
a) Compiler
b) Interpreter
c) Assembler
d) Operating system

4) State two advantages of using an integrated software package.

5) State one disadvantage of using an integrated software package.
6) State two advantages of using a general purpose software package
7) Name two (2) types of system software.
Questions continued

8) An engineering firm wants to purchase software designed

specifically for engineering drawing. What kind of application is
this?
9) What is the purpose of having utility programs on your
computer?
10) Oshane wants to install a program on his computer to do a disk
cleanup and manage files. What type of software is this?
a) Application
b) Operating system
c) Translator
d) utility
Match each description to the type of application software
it describes

Description Types of Application software

Tailor made software that is Integrated
often used to modify existing
software to perform specific
tasks
Software that is created for a General purpose
specific kind of task or industry

Popular software that has many Specific purpose

uses for many different people
A software package that has Custom written
more than one application
State whether the following statements are True or
False

Statements True or False

A typical operating system task

is scanning a computer for virus.

Windows Vista is an example of

an operating system.

An interpreter translates code

line by line into machine
language.
Booting is important for finding
the utilities programs to run a
computer
A translator performs tasks such
Guided Questions continued…

4. The most popular software interface is

a. monitor b. Command-line c.GUI d. Menu-driven
5. Application software does NOT include
a. Presentation software b. Web browser software
c. Word processing software d. Systems software
6. The graphic is called a
a. Picture b. Rectangle c. Screen d. Slide