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The State and Elements

The document discusses the key concepts of state, society, and government. It defines a state as having four essential elements - population, fixed territory, government, and sovereignty. A society is broader than a state and lacks sovereignty. While a state needs a government to implement policies, a government can exist without a state and is the temporary expression of the state's will.

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John Joseph Malasique Bautista
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926 views13 pages

The State and Elements

The document discusses the key concepts of state, society, and government. It defines a state as having four essential elements - population, fixed territory, government, and sovereignty. A society is broader than a state and lacks sovereignty. While a state needs a government to implement policies, a government can exist without a state and is the temporary expression of the state's will.

Uploaded by

John Joseph Malasique Bautista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The state and elements

State is an assemblage of politically


organised people who permanently reside
on a definite territory, have their own
government whose laws are obeyed by
them as a habit and they are completely
free from any sort of control both internal
and external.
According to Garner “The state as a
concept of Political Science and public law is
a community of persons, more or less,
numerous, permanently occupying a definite
portion of territory independent or nearly so
of external control and possessing an
organised government to which greater body
of inhabitants render habitual obedience”
 According to Aristotle -: “ State is a
union of families and villages having for its
end a perfect and self- sufficient life by
which we mean a happy and honourable
life”
Essential elements
State has four essential elements
 Population
 Fixed territory
 Government
 sovereignty
Other characteristics of the state
 Utility
 All comprehensiveness
 Continuity
 Permanence
 Equality
 International recognition
State and society
 Meaning of society-: Society is a
comprehensive association of peaceful and
willed relations of men who join together
for the fulfillment of their common
objectives. for the fulfillment of his
various needs an individual forms various
associations, institutions and communities
and all these are the component of society
Distinction between state and
society
 Society is older than state
 The scope of society is much wider than the
scope of state
 State is sovereign , society is not
 Fixed territory is essential for the state not for
the society
 Organization is essential for state not for society
 State is concerned with external actions whereas
society is concerned with both internal and
external actions
 State is part of society
 State has coercive power, society has
persuasive power
State and Government
 Meaning Of Government-: government is
the agency of which express and
implement the will of the state.
Distinction between state and
government
 Government is the element of the state
 Fixed territory is essential for the state,
not for the government
 State is sovereign, government is not
 Membership of state is compulsory not of
the government
 State without government is not possible
but government is possible without state
 State is permanent whereas government
is temporary
 State is similar everywhere, governments
are not
 State is abstract, government is concrete
 State is master, government is its servant
 People can oppose the government but
not the state
Conclusion
On the basis of above we come to the
conclusion that population, fixed territory,
government and sovereignty are essential
attributes of a state and in the event of the
absence of any one of theses four attributes, the
state can not exist.
State and society are two different institution
and both have wide differences. But in spite of it
both have close relationship. There is also wide
difference between state and government. State
needs a tool to get its policies implemented and
this organization and tool is government.
References
 Aggarwal R.C., Principles of Political Science,
S.Chand Company, New Delhi, 1976.
 Badyal, J.S, Political Theory, Raj Publishers,
2012, Jalander.
 Garner James Wildford, Political Science and
Government, The World Press Priviate LTD.
Calcutta, 1951.
 Gauba O.P, An Introduction to Political Theory,
Macmillan Publisher, Delhi, 2009.
 Heywood Andrew, Political Theory An
Introduction, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2005.
 Misra K.K & Iyengar Kalpana. M, Modern Political
Theory, S.Chand Company, New Delhi, 1988.
 Ray Amal, Political Theory Idess and Institutions,
The World Press Priviate LTD. Calcutta, 1988
 Johari J.C, Principles of Modern Political Science,
Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, 1989.

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