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Steam Turbines: Er - Gurpreet Singh

The document discusses steam turbines, including their design, applications, classifications, and comparison to steam engines. It covers the basic workings of impulse and reaction turbines, including diagrams of pressure and velocity variations. Compounding techniques are also described which improve efficiency. The objectives are to understand various steam turbine configurations and determine the best matching of turbines to compressor or pump drivers.

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Vishal Dhiman
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182 views25 pages

Steam Turbines: Er - Gurpreet Singh

The document discusses steam turbines, including their design, applications, classifications, and comparison to steam engines. It covers the basic workings of impulse and reaction turbines, including diagrams of pressure and velocity variations. Compounding techniques are also described which improve efficiency. The objectives are to understand various steam turbine configurations and determine the best matching of turbines to compressor or pump drivers.

Uploaded by

Vishal Dhiman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEAM TURBINES

ER.GURPREET SINGH
Course Objectives
1. Understanding of the various steam turbine
configurations available to virtually every industrial
user. Items discussed include mechanical design
features, sizing and application criteria,
maintainability, reliability, vulnerability, and
troubleshooting issues.
2. Determine the most appropriate and efficient
matching of compressor or pump to steam turbine
driver.

2
STEAM TURBINE
• A steam turbine is a device that
extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to
do mechanical work on a rotating output
shaft. Its modern manifestation was
invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.
STEAM TURBINE
• Steam Turbine may also be define as a
device which converts heat energy of to
the steam to the mechanical energy
which finally converted into electrical
energy
APPLICATIONS OF STEAM
TURBINE
• In field of industries: Power generation is
most diverse field where steam turbines are
used
• Marine propulsion
• The main advantages of a steam turbine
locomotive are better rotational balance and
reduced hammer blow on the track
STEAM TURBINE v/s STEAM ENGINE

• Vibrations problem in engine.


• Mechanical efficiency of engine.
• Higher range of speed not available in
engine.
• Poor thermal efficiency of engine.
• High wear and tear due to reciprocating
parts.
• Constant power generation is not available.
WORK IN A TURBINE VISUALIZED
CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINE

• Classification of steam turbines may be done as following:


1. According to action of steam
(a) Impulse turbine
(b) Reaction turbine
2. According to direction of flow:
(a)Axial flow turbine
(b)Radial flow turbine
3. According to number of stages
(c)Single stage turbine
(d)Multi stage turbine
CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINE

4. According to steam pressure at inlet of Turbine:


(a) Low pressure turbine
(b) Medium pressure turbine.
(c) High pressure turbine
(d) Super critical pressure turbine.
5. According to usage in industry:
(a) Stationary turbine with constant speed.
(b) Stationary turbine with variable speed.
(c) Non stationary turbines.
DESCRIPTION of COMMON TYPES of TURBINES.

The common types of steam turbine are


1. Impulse Turbine.
2. Reaction Turbine.
The main difference between these two
turbines lies in the way of expanding the
steam while it moves through them.
IMPULSE TURBINE
• In the impulse turbine, the steam
expands in the nozzles and it's pressure
does not alter as it moves over the blades.
In the reaction turbine the steam
expanded continuously as it passes over
the blades and thus there is gradually fall
in the pressure during expansion below
the atmospheric pressure.
PRESSURE-VELOCITY DIAGRAM FOR A
TURBINE NOZZLE

PRESSURE

ENTRANCE EXIT
HIGH THERMAL ENERGY LOW THERMAL ENERGY
HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE
LOW VELOCITY HIGH VELOCITY
STEAM INLET STEAM EXHAUST

VELOCITY
IMPULSE TURBINE PRINCIPLE

ROTOR

NOZZLE

STEAM
CHEST
PRESSURE-VELOCITY DIAGRAM FOR
A MOVING IMPULSE BLADE
DIRECTION OF SPIN
REPRESENTS MOVING
IMPULSE BLADES

PRESSURE
TURBINE
SHAFT

ENTRANCE EXIT
HIGH VELOCITY LOW VELOCITY
STEAM INLET STEAM EXHAUST
VELOCITY
REACTION TURBINE

• In this type of turbine, there is a gradual


pressure drop and takes place continuously
over the fixed and moving blades. The
rotation of the shaft and drum, which
carrying the blades is the result of both
impulse and reactive force in the steam.
The reaction turbine consist of a row of
stationary blades and the following row of
moving blades
REACTION TURBINE
• The fixed blades act as a nozzle which
are attached inside the cylinder and the
moving blades are fixed with the rotor
as shown in figure
PRESSURE-VELOCITY DIAGRAM FOR
A MOVING REACTION BLADE

DIRECTION OF SPIN REPRESENTS MOVING


REACTION BLADES

PRESSURE

TURBINE
SHAFT

ENTRANCE
HIGH PRESSURE EXIT
HIGH VELOCITY LOW PRESSURE
STEAM INLET LOW VELOCITY VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
PRESSURE VELOCITY VARIATION IN 3 STAGE
REACTION TURBINE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMPULSE AND
REACTION TURBINE
COMPOUNDING IN TURBINES

• TYPES OF COMPOUNDING
1. VELOCITY COMPOUNDING
2. PRESSURE COMPOUNDING
3. VELOCITY AND PRESSURE
COMPOUNDING
VELOCITY COMPOUNDED TURBINE
PRESSURE COMPOUNDED TURBINE
Course Outcomes
1. Have an understanding of the various steam
turbine configurations available to virtually every
industrial user. Items discussed include
mechanical design features, sizing and
application criteria, maintainability, reliability,
vulnerability, and troubleshooting issues.
2. Easily able to determine the most appropriate
and efficient matching of compressor or pump to
steam turbine driver.

23
FAQ
• What is a stage in a steam turbine?
• What is a diaphragm?
• What is a radial-flow turbine?
• What are two types of clearance in a
turbine?
• Why should a steam or moisture separator
be installed in the steam line next to a steam
turbine?

24
Refrences
• P.L. Ballani, Thermal Engineering, Khanna Publications.
• W.A.J. Keartan, Steam Turbine: Theory and Practice,
ELBS Series.
• K. Soman, Thermal Engineering, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
• R.K. Rajput, Thermal Engineering, Luxmi publications (P)
Ltd.
• P.K.Nag, EngineeringThermodynamics,TataMcgraw Hill.

25

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