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Module : LAN

Cabling & CSMA/CD

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Objectives

• Describe the LAN physical layer implementations

• Describe the main connectivity recommendations
for implementing Ethernet in the campus
• Identify different types of connectors specified for
Ethernet use
• Describe the different connection media for an
Ethernet LAN
• Describe UTP cables and connectors in an
Ethernet LAN

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. INTRO v1.0a—3-3

LAN Physical Layer Implementation

LLC IEEE 802.2

Sublayer

MAC

Ethernet
Sublayer

10BASE-CX
10BASE-TX

10BASE-FX

10BASE-T4
10BASE-T

10BASE-F

10BASE-T
10BASE-2

10BASE-5
Physical
Layer

DIX 802.3 Specifications 802.3u 802.3u

Standard for 10-Mbps Specifications for Specifications for
Ethernet 100-Mbps (Fast) 1000-Mbps
Ethernet (Gigabit)
Ethernet

• Physical layer implementations vary.

• Some implementations support multiple physical
media.
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Ethernet Connectivity Recommendations

Ethernet 10 BASE-T Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet

Positions Position Position
Provides connectivity Gives high-performance PC
between the end-user workstations 100 Mpbs —
device and the user-level access to the servers.
switch.

Provides connectivity between

end user and workgroup.
— Provides connectivity from the
workgroup to backbone. —
Provides connectivity from the
server block to the backbone
layer.

Provides inter-switch Provides backbone

— connectivity. and inter-switch
connectivity.

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. INTRO v1.0a—3-5

Ethernet Protocol Description

100BASE-FX

LAN speed Indicates type of cable

100 Mbps and maximum length.
If a number, maximum
length = No. x 100m

BASE = Baseband
Broad = Broadband

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 Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements

10 10 10 100 100 1000 1000 1000 1000

BASE-2 BASE-5 BASE-T BASE-TX BASE-FX BASE-CX BASE-T BASE-SX BASE-LX

EIA/TIA EIA/TIA 62.5/125 EIA/TIA 62.5/50 9 micron

50-ohm 50-ohm
Category 3, Category micro Category micro single-
Media coaxial coaxial
4, 5 UTP 2 5 UTP 2 multimode
STP
5 UTP 4 multimode mode
(Thinnet) (Thicknet)
pair pair fiber pair fiber fiber

Maximum 3-10 km
185 m 500 m 100 m 100 m 400 m 25 m 100 m 260 m
Segment (606.94 ft) (1640.4 ft) (328 ft) (328 ft) (1312.3 ft) (82 ft) (328 ft) (853 ft)
(1.86-6.2
Length miles)

Point to
Topology Bus Bus Star Star
Point — — — —

Duplex
Attachmen
media
t unit ISO 8877 ISO 8877 ISO 8877 ISO 8877
Connector interface
AUI
(RJ-45) (RJ-45)
interface
(RJ-45) (RJ-45) — —
connector
(AUI)
(MIC) ST

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Differentiating Between Connections

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GigaStack GBIC

Gigabit Interface Converters (GBICs)

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Cisco WS-X2931 Gigabit Ethernet
Module with GBIC Out

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RJ-45 Connector

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RJ-45 Jack

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UTP Implementation (Straight-Through)
Cable 10BASE-T/
100BASE-TX Straight-Through Straight-Through Cable

8 1
1 8
Hub/Switch Server/Router

Pin Label Pin Label 1 8 1 8

TX+
1 1 TX+
TX-
2 2 TX-
RX+
3 3 RX+
NC4 4 NC w g w b w o w br w g w b w o w br
g o b br g o b br
NC5 5 NC
RX-
6 6 RX-
NC7 7 NC Wires on cable ends
NC8 8 NC are in same order.
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UTP Implementation (Crossover)
Cable 10BASE-T/
100BASE-TX Straight-Through Crossover Cable

8 1
1 8
Hub/Switch Server/Router

Pin Label Pin Label 1 8 1 8

TX+
1 1 TX+
TX-
2 2 TX-
RX+
3 3 RX+
NC4 4 NC w g w b w o w br w o w b w g w br
g o b br o g b br
NC5 5 NC
RX-
6 6 RX-
NC7 7 NC Some wires on cable
NC8 8 NC ends are crossed.
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UTP Implementation – Straight-Through
vs. Crossover

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Cabling the Campus

1000-Mbps
Category 5
Crossover
10-Mbps
Category 3, 4, 5
Crossover 10-Mbps
Category 3, 4, 5
Straight-Through

10-Mbps 100-Mbps
Category 3, 4, 5 Category 5
Straight-Through Straight-Through

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CSMA/CD
A B C D
Carrier
Sense

A B C D
Multiple
Access

A B C D
Collision

Collision
Collision

Collision A B C D
Detection
(Backoff
Algorithm)
JAM JAM JAM JAM
JAM JAM JAM

Carrier sense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD)

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CSMA/CD Process

1. Host wants to transmit 1

2. Is carrier sensed? Yes

2
3. Assemble frame
No
4. Start transmitting
3
5. Is a collision detected?
6. Keep transmitting 4
7. Is the transmission done?
Yes
8. Transmission completed 5 9
9. Broadcast jam signal No

10. Attempts = Attempts + 1 6 10

11. Attempts > Too many ? No

No
7 11 13
12. Too many collisions; abort transmission
Yes Yes
13. Algorithm calculates backoff 8 12 14
14. Wait for t microseconds

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. INTRO v1.0a—3-18

Summary
• The three principle LAN implementation categories are
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet.
• There are several connection media used for Ethernet,
including RJ-45, AUI, and GBIC.
• A Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) is a hot-swappable
input/output device that plugs into a Gigabit
Ethernet port.
• A crossover cable is used to connect between similar
devices (such as switch to switch, router to router, PC
to PC, and hub to hub).
• A straight-through cable is used to connect between
dissimilar devices (such as switch to router, switch to
PC, hub to router, and hub to PC).
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. INTRO v1.0a—3-19