Scribd
Upload
440 views11 pages

Electrical Sizing - DT 21

The document discusses cable sizing methodology. It describes how cables are classified based on voltage levels and insulation types. It then outlines the key conditions that must be met in cable sizing including short circuit withstand capability, thermal withstand capability, and allowable voltage drop. The document proceeds to describe the input parameters, derating factors, and 8-step method for calculating cable size based on load details, voltage drop limits, and other considerations.

Uploaded by

Dhamodaran Pandiyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
440 views11 pages

Electrical Sizing - DT 21

The document discusses cable sizing methodology. It describes how cables are classified based on voltage levels and insulation types. It then outlines the key conditions that must be met in cable sizing including short circuit withstand capability, thermal withstand capability, and allowable voltage drop. The document proceeds to describe the input parameters, derating factors, and 8-step method for calculating cable size based on load details, voltage drop limits, and other considerations.

Uploaded by

Dhamodaran Pandiyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

BASIS

1. The cable need to carry full load current and short


time overload current without overheating.
2. The cable need to withstand the short circuit
current up to the duration for which it is designed.
3. The cable need to withstand the variation in system
voltage with allowable tolerances.

CABLES CLASSIFICATION

Cables are classified based on two categories.


4. Voltage levels.
5. Insulation types.

Voltage levels
 EHV Cables.
 HV Cables & MV Cables.
 LV Cables.
CABLES CLASSIFICATION
Insulation Types (Major types)
 PVC Insulation Type.
 XLPE Insulation Type.
 EPR Insulation Type.
Features of XLPE (Commonly used)
• Higher current carrying capacity and short circuit rating.
• It can withstand momentary short circuit temperature up to
250˚C.
• Possess higher insulation strength hence dielectric losses are
minimum.
• Superior thermal and mechanical properties than the PVC.
• Offers resistance to deformation and longer service life.

CABLE SIZING
LIST OF CONDITIONS TO BE MET:
• Short circuit withstand capability.
• Let through energy capability .
• Thermal withstand Capability (Full load Current and Short
time overload current).
• Allowable voltage drop.
• Earth fault loop impedance of the cable, to check the
maximum allowable length.

Above said conditions are very important for a appropriate


sizing of cable.
OTHER FACTORS
DERATING FACTORS
Cable has to be sized
• according to cable laying methods;
• according to temperature of the surroundings (Air or
Ground).
• according to grouping of Cables.
• according to the soil thermal resistivity (if it is in ground).
• according to depth of laying (if it is in ground).

INPUT PARAMETERS
Main Parameters
• System Nominal Voltage( KV or V)
• Equipment rating/ load details( KW or KVA)
• Rated power factor of the Load (For motors, starting pf
also needed)
• Efficiency of the load (η)
• Short Circuit rating of the board to which the cable has
been connected (KVA or MVA)
• Allowable voltage drop of the cable as per project
specification (%Vd)
Parameters based on Cable laying Methods
If cables are laid in Ground, then
 Ground Temperature (˚C)
 Grouping detail
 Depth of laying (m)
 Thermal Soil Resistivity (˚C m/W) are needed.
INPUT PARAMETERS
If cables are laid in air, then
Ambient temperature (˚C)
Grouping detail are needed.
Current carrying capacity has to be derated based upon the
above mentioned factors.
Following is a typical example of reference parameters (for
current rating)
Ambient temperature= 30˚C
Ground Temperature = 15˚C
Depth of laying = 0.5m
Thermal Soil Resistivity=1.2 ˚C m/W
Maximum conductor operating temperature= 90˚C

Depending upon site condition & Client requirements suitable


factors to be identified and multiplied to arrive at the required
rating factors and cable sizing
METHOD OF SIZING
STEP-1
Calculation of minimum cross sectional area of the conductor
based upon the short circuit withstand capability (if it is protected
by breaker feeder)
By using the below formula..

Where
Isc= Short circuit current (A).
A=Cross sectional area of the conductor (Sqmm).
t= Duration of short circuit (sec).
k= Conductor constant(“143” for ‘Cu’ and “94” for ‘Al’).
METHOD OF SIZING
STEP-2
Calculation of Full load current of the cable (I f) (in A)
By using the below formula

KW= Rated load/rating of equipment.


OLF= Over Load Factor (typically 125% for motor and 120% for
others).
Vph=Phase Voltage (V).
η=Efficiency of the load/equipment for which cable has been
sized.
pf= Power factor of the load.
STEP-3
Calculation of Derating factors (D) for different type of laying
For Cables Laid in air
D=ta * ga
ta=Rating Factor for Ambient temp.
ga=Rating factor for group laying.
For Cables Laid in Ground
D=tu* gu*Su*Du
tu=Rating Factor for ground temp.
gu=Rating factor for group laying.
Su=Rating Factor for thermal soil resistivity.
Du=Rating factor for depth of laying.
METHOD OF SIZING

STEP-4
Cable need to be suitably derated by using the derating
factor (D)

Derated current=

 With the derated current available select cable with


appropriate cross section from the cable catalogue (Cu
or Al)
 And also the selected size should be more than the
minimum cross section needed to withstand the short
circuit current of the cable for the duration for which it
is designed.
 And also it should satisfy the voltage drop criteria
which is to be explained in coming slides
• In case the selected cable size is more than the 240
Sqmm it is recommended to select the single core
cable, because of the difficulty in
 Bending.
 Routing.
 Laying.
 Termination.
METHOD OF SIZING
STEP-5
Voltage drop of the cable with the selected cross sectional
area need to be checked
First resistance of the cable for that cross section need to be
taken from cable catalogue

Resistance for the cable length=

Where
Rcat= AC Resistance @ 90°C of the selected conductor in
ohms/km from cable catalogue
l= Actual cable route length (m)
n= number of runs of cables (more than one run may be
required for higher ratings)
Similarly for reactance
Reactance for the cable length=

Where
Xcat= reactance of the selected cable at desired frequency in
ohms/km from cable catalogue.
l= Actual cable route length (m).
n= number of runs of cables.
METHOD OF SIZING
STEP-6
Next step is to check the percentage voltage drop (V d) of the
selected cable
Voltage drop of the cable (Vd) = √3*If*(R*cosΦ + X*sinΦ)
Where
If=Full load current of the cable (A)
R=Resistance of the cable (ohms)
X=Reactance of the cable (ohms)
CosΦ=power factor
Percentage Voltage drop (%Vd)=
Where
V= System Nominal voltage (v)
STEP-6a
Percentage voltage drop (Vd) of the selected cable during starting
conditions (which is for motor loads)
Voltage drop of the cable (Vdstart) = √3*Istart*(R*cosΦst + X*sinΦst)

Where
Istart=Starting current of the cable (If*N),
Here N=(Starting current/Normal Current).
R=Resistance of the cable (ohms).
X=Reactance of the cable (ohms).
CosΦst=Starting power factor of the motor.
Percentage Voltage drop during starting (%Vd)=
Where
V= System Nominal voltage (v).
METHOD OF SIZING
STEP-7

• Now both starting and running voltage drops have to


be within the specified allowable limits.
• If not higher Cable sizes to be selected and the
calculation has to be repeated from the step 4.
STEP-8

Calculation of Let through energy capability(I2t) using the


following formula (if it is protected by Fuse, MCCB,
MCB)
I2t=k2A2
Where
k=Conductor constant((“143” for ‘Cu’ and “94” for ‘Al’)
A=Area of cross section of cable (Sqmm)
Now
Check whether
I2t of cable>I2t of fuse and should be ensured
METHOD OF SIZING

STEP-9
Calculation of maximum length of the cable to have
adequate earth fault return current to trip the
protective device using the following formula,

Where,
Vl-l = Line-line Voltage in Volts.
N = Instantaneous setting of the Protective Device (i.e.,
Fuse / MCCB / MCB.
Ipd = Protective Device Trip Setting (Pickup Current) in pu.
Zs = Overall System Impedance in ohms.
Z1- = Positive Sequence Impedance of the Cable in
ohm/km .
Z0 = Zero Sequence Impedance of the Cable in ohm/km.
POINTS TO NOTE
• Allow overload factor (OLF) for motor loads.
• Appropriate type, voltage rating and cores of the
cable need to be kept in mind before sizing the cable.
• Ensure sizing based on appropriate manufacturer
details.
• Minimum cable sizes advised by client if there is any.
• It is advisable to size the cable including future
margin, overload and equipment rating and not just
for operating loads.
• Allowable voltage drop need to be taken correctly.
• Cable sizing will differ based upon site condition. So
environmental conditions play a major role in
deciding the derating factor.
• Worst derating factor selection.
• Optimization in sizing.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy