WIND ENERGY

• Introduction
• History
• Wind Energy
• How to Tap wind energy
• Advantages

VEDANT SINGH 10A

The wind is an intermittent energy source, which cannot make electricity nor be dispatched on demand. It
also gives variable power, which is consistent from year to year but varies greatly over shorter time
scales. Therefore, it must be used together with other electric power sources or storage to give a reliable
supply. 

In 2018 wind supplied 4.8% of worldwide electricity, with the global installed wind power capacity reaching
591 GW. Wind power supplied 15% of the electricity consumed in Europe in 2019. Denmark is the country
with the highest penetration of wind power, with 43.4% of its consumed electricity from wind in 2017.At
least 83 other countries are using wind power to supply their electric power grids.
 HISTORY
Wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. King Hammurabi's Codex
(reign 1792 - 1750 BC) already mentioned windmills for generating mechanical energy.  Wind-powered
machines used to grind grain and pump water, the windmill and wind pump, were developed in what is
now Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan by the 9th century. Wind power was widely available and not
confined to the banks of fast-flowing streams, or later, requiring sources of fuel.
The first windmill used for the production of electric power was built in Scotland in July 1887 by Prof
James Blyth of Anderson's College, Glasgow. Blyth's 10 metres (33 ft) high, the cloth-sailed wind turbine
was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at Marykirk in Kincardineshire and was used to power
the lighting in the cottage, thus making it the first house in the world to have its electric power supplied by
wind power.
With the development of electric power, wind power found new applications in lighting buildings remote
from centrally-generated power. Throughout the 20th century parallel paths developed small wind
stations suitable for farms or residences.  Today, wind-powered generators operate in every size range
between tiny stations for battery charging at isolated residences, up to near-gigawatt sized offshore wind
farms that provide electric power to national electrical networks.
 WIND ENERGY
Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere
  by the sun, variations in the earth's surface,
and rotation of the earth. Mountains, bodies of water, and vegetation all influence wind flow
patterns. Wind turbines convert the energy in wind to electricity by rotating propeller-like blades around
a rotor. The rotor turns the drive shaft, which turns an electric generator. Three key factors affect the
amount of energy a turbine can harness from the wind: wind speed, air density, and swept area.

Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion, also called wind. Total wind energy flowing through
an imaginary surface with area A during the time t is:
E=½=½ =½
where ρ is the density of air; v is the wind speed; Avt is the volume of air passing through A (which is
considered perpendicular to the direction of the wind); Avtρ is therefore the mass m passing through
"A". ½ ρv2 is the kinetic energy of the moving air per unit volume.
Power is energy per unit time, so the wind power incident on A (e.g. equal to the rotor area of a wind
turbine) is:
P = ½ /t = ½
 HOW TO TAP WIND ENERGY ?
Wind energy is tapped using Wind Turbines. The working of a wind
turbine is the exact opposite of a fan. In a fan, generated electricity is
used to produce wind. On the other hand, turbines utilize wind to
generate electricity.
The generator produces electricity using the same principle as a
generator of your car (depending on the turbine). The powerful kinetic
energy in wind rotates the turbine blades, which eventually spins the
shaft connected to the generator. The generator leverages the shaft’s
spinning motion to revolve a rotor, which consists of charged magnets
situated opposite each other. The rotor is also encircled with copper
wire loops. Magnetic Rotor inside the generator on high speed shaft
spins inside loops of copper wire that are wound around an iron core.
The spinning rotor creates an “electromagnetic induction” as it spins
around the inside of the core through the coils that produces electricity.
The wind can also be used as a mechanical power to undertake tasks
like grinding grain or pumping water in homes and commercial
establishments.
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY
Wind energy is eco-friendly
Wind energy generates electricity without emission of carbon dioxide, which pollutes the environment and can alter the climate. It’s a clean source
of fuel since it produces electricity without the dangerous environmental pollutants that emanate from burning of coal, for instance, sulfur and
nitrogen, which can result in mercury, acid rains, and many other pollutants.
Wind energy is relatively inexpensive
The fact that it is renewable makes it a cost effective source of energy in the modern world. Wind energy costs generally range from 4 to 6 cents per
kilowatt/hour. This, however, depends on the wind resource and specific financing.
Wind energy has enabled electricity reach in remote locations
The advent of wind power enabled the powering of remote locations, for example, remote countryside and mountain communities, which has led to
mushrooming of economic activities.
It’s a steady and reliable source of electricity
Winds are brought about by the sun heating the atmosphere, earth’s surfaces irregularities and earth’s rotation. This, ideally, means that as long as
wind blows and the sun shines, energy produced will continually be tapped to produce electricity. When complimented with solar electricity, wind
energy is a great resource for both developed and developing countries to guarantee steady and reliable source of electricity.
Wind turbines take up less space
The average power station takes up a lot more space than a wind turbine, meaning, it can be built on existing farm or ranch. This is a great victory
for rural dwellers as the economy is boosted. Ranchers and farmers can go on working on their farms since the wind turbine takes up just a fraction
of the farm. Individuals or organizations building turbines also remit payments to landowners and ranchers guaranteeing them a form of income.
THANK YOU