Scribd
Upload
256 views40 pages

6-7 - Computing Components

The document discusses various computing components including processors, memory, cloud computing, and power supplies. It describes characteristics of processors like multi-core chips and the four steps of the machine cycle. It explains how memory stores data through bits and bytes and different types like RAM, ROM, and flash. The document also covers topics like cloud computing advantages, data representation digitally, uses of adapters, the purpose of buses, and how power supplies and batteries work.

Uploaded by

FenniLim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
256 views40 pages

6-7 - Computing Components

The document discusses various computing components including processors, memory, cloud computing, and power supplies. It describes characteristics of processors like multi-core chips and the four steps of the machine cycle. It explains how memory stores data through bits and bytes and different types like RAM, ROM, and flash. The document also covers topics like cloud computing advantages, data representation digitally, uses of adapters, the purpose of buses, and how power supplies and batteries work.

Uploaded by

FenniLim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

CHAPTER 6

COMPUTING COMPONENTS :
PROCESSORS, MEMORY, THE CLOUD
AND MORE
Objectives Overview
Identify characteristics of
Describe multi-core
Describe the various various personal
processors the
computer and mobile computer processors on
components of a
device cases and the the market today, and
processor, and the four
contents they protect describe the ways
steps in a machine cycle
processors are cooled

Explain the advantages Define a bit, and describe


Describe what is meant
and services of cloud how a series of bits
by the Internet of Things
computing represents data
Objectives Overview

Explain how program


Differentiate among Describe the purpose
and application
the various types of of adapter cards and
instructions transfer
memory USB adapters
in and out of memory

Explain the purpose Describe how to care


Explain the function
of a power supply for computers and
of a bus
and batteries mobile devices
Inside the Case
• The case contains and
protects the electronics
of the computer or
mobile device from
damage
Inside the Case
Inside the Case
• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer
• A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Processors
• The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU),
interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a
computer
• Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
• A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more
separate processor cores
Processors
Processors
• The control unit is the component of the processor that directs
and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic,
comparison, and other operations
Processors
• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic
operations, which comprise a machine cycle
Processors

The processor contains registers, that temporarily hold data and


instructions

The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations

• The pace of the system clock is called the clock speed, and is measured in
gigahertz (GHz)
Processors
• The leading manufacturers
of personal computer
processor chips are Intel and
AMD
• A processor chip generates
heat that could cause the chip
to malfunction or fail
• Require additional cooling
• Heat sinks
• Liquid cooling technology
• Cooling mats
Internet of Things (IoT)
• The Internet of Things (IoT) describes a computing environment
where everyday objects, or things, are connected to the Internet.
Sensors connected to these objects may gather, share, transmit,
and receive data about the objects with other devices or servers
online. Users can access the data or control individual objects
using web or mobile apps
• Analysts predict that the IoT will be a multitrillion-dollar business
as the number of “smart” devices and things connected to the
Internet continues to increase. As watches, thermostats, fitness
trackers, appliances, clothing, and other “things” become
equipped with sensors that can transmit data to and from the
Internet, keeping every “thing” connected could become one of
the world’s largest industries.
Cloud Computing
• Home and business users choose cloud computing for a variety of
reasons

Accessibility Cost savings

Space savings Scalability


Data Representation

Analog signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality

Digital signals are in one of two states: on or off

• Most computers are digital


• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
Data Representation
• The circuitry in a computer or • Eight bits grouped together as a
mobile device represents the on or unit are called a byte. A byte
the off states electronically by the represents a single character in
presence or absence of an electronic
charge
the computer or mobile device
Data Representation
Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions
waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those
instructions, and the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Data being
The operating
processed and the
system and other Applications
resulting
programs
information
Memory
• Each location in memory has an address
• Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes (GB) or
terabytes (TB)
Memory
• The system unit contains two types of memory:

Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory

Loses its contents when Does not lose contents


power is turned off when power is removed

Examples include ROM,


Example includes RAM
flash memory, and CMOS
Memory
Memory
• Two common types of RAM chips exist:

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM)


Memory
• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted
into memory slots
Memory
• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it
stores frequently used instructions and data
Memory

Read-only memory (ROM) refers to


memory chips storing permanent data and
instructions

• Firmware
Memory
• Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten
• Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other memory chips
use CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)
technology because it provides high speeds and consumes little
power
Memory
• Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read
from memory
• Measured in nanoseconds
Adapters
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of a
desktop or server system unit
and/or provides connections
to peripherals
• Sound card and graphics card
• An expansion slot is a socket
on a desktop or server
motherboard that can hold an
adapter card
Adapters
• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically can recognize
peripheral devices as you install them
Adapters
• Adapters for mobile computers are in the form of a removable
flash memory device
• USB adapter
Buses
• A computer processes and
stores data as a series of
electronic bits. These bits
transfer internally within the
circuitry of the computer along
electrical channels.
• Each channel, called a bus
allows the various devices both
inside and attached to the
system unit to communicate
with each other
• Data bus
• Address bus
• Word size is the number of bits
the processor can interpret and
execute at a given time
Buses
• Types of buses:
• A system bus, also called the front side bus (FSB), is part of the
motherboard and connects the processor to main memory. size
• A backside bus (BSB) connects the processor to cache.
• An expansion bus allows the processor to communicate with peripheral
devices.
Power Supply and Battery
• The power supply or laptop AC
adapter converts the wall outlet AC
power into DC power
Power Supply and Battery
• Mobile computers and devices can run using either a power
supply or batteries
• Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
Summary

Types of processors,
Various components Advantages and
steps in a machine
inside computers and services of cloud
cycle, and processor
mobile devices computing
cooling methods

How memory stores


Adapters, buses, Ways to care for
data and described
power supplies and computers and
various types of
batteries mobile devices
memory
Mid Test
Final Test
Assignments
References
Question & Answers

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy