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Solar Water Distillation For Drinking Purposes.: Presented By-: SULAKSHYA GAUR (121684)

This document discusses solar water distillation for drinking water purposes. It introduces that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and describes various water purification methods, emphasizing distillation and boiling. It then provides details on solar distillation, where sunlight is used to evaporate water which then condenses and is collected. The document evaluates different designs of solar stills the author has tested, finding some too expensive, inefficient or complex. It outlines factors that affect evaporation and concludes by thanking the reader.

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Sulakshya Gaur
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142 views18 pages

Solar Water Distillation For Drinking Purposes.: Presented By-: SULAKSHYA GAUR (121684)

This document discusses solar water distillation for drinking water purposes. It introduces that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and describes various water purification methods, emphasizing distillation and boiling. It then provides details on solar distillation, where sunlight is used to evaporate water which then condenses and is collected. The document evaluates different designs of solar stills the author has tested, finding some too expensive, inefficient or complex. It outlines factors that affect evaporation and concludes by thanking the reader.

Uploaded by

Sulakshya Gaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solar water distillation for drinking

purposes.

PRESENTED BY-:
SULAKSHYA GAUR (121684)
Introduction
Clean drinking water is the basic necessity for every
human being, but about 1.1 billion people in the world
lacked proper drinking water.
Water purification
There are many different types of water purification
processes such as filtration, reverse osmosis, ultraviolet
radiation, carbon absorption, but the most reliable
processes are distillation and boiling .
Boiling and distillation
Boiling is used as a method of water purification. Boiling is
commonly advocated as an emergency water treatment
method, or as a method of portable water purification in
rural or wilderness settings without access to a potable
water infrastructure.
Water purification, such as distillation, is especially
important in regions where water resources or tap water is
not suitable for ingesting without boiling or chemical
treatment.
Solar water purification
In solar distillation water is evaporated; using the
energy of the sun then the vapor condenses as pure
water. This process removes salts and other impurities.
Solar energy is allowed into the collector to heat the
water. The water evaporates only to condense on the
underside of the glass. When water evaporates, only
the water vapor rises, leaving contaminants behind. The
gentle slope of the glass directs the condensate to a
collection trough, which in turn delivers the water to
the collection bottle.
Existing products
Although there are many innovative products available
in the market but most of these products are either
too expensive ,inefficient, heavy and cumbersome or
too complicated to use.
Theory
Energy from the sun per square meter per day = 1000 Watt (1300 Watt
accurately)
per hour = 1000 x 3600 joules
= 3600 kilojoules per hour
Heat of vaporization of water = 2257 kilojoules per kg
Specific heat of water = 4.19 kilojoules per kg per Kelvin
Factors effecting evaporation
• Concentration of vapor in air
• Surface area of water
• Pressure of vessel
• Temperature of water
Boiling point of water at sea level is 100 degree C.
Boiling point of water may be decreased by decreasing the pressure.
-pressure may be decreased by going "above sea level".
-pressure may be decreased by "applying a low pressure"
Relatively cooler surface for condensation.
High vapor pressure
Low temperature
Solar distillation
• Constructing a solar water
distiller using available
utensils like plastic for
casing, aluminum for
absorption of heat, glass
and the thermocol for
insulation. Got the
temperature of water up to
60 degrees and 100 ml of
distilled water in 4 hours.

• Surface area: .12 mt square


• (1 sq feet)
Solar distill
Output:
After 4 hours under the sun an output of 150 ml of pure distilled water.

Drawbacks:
Large number of parts,bulky
Radiator for condensation
Condensation using a car radiator and
a steamer

Results: very efficient


Drawbacks: bulky
Concave mirror
Using an old dish antenna and covering it
with reflective plastic film to obtain
concentrated solar energy.
Wooden sticks burn in 10 seconds with a
temperature of 500 degrees. Heats water
to 95 degrees in 45 minutes.
Concave mirror distiller
The concave mirror was then placed under a structure with the focus on a
vessel holding one liter of water .
The vessel is then connected to a plastic bottle kept under the structure
through a flexi pipe.

Surface area: 0.7 sq mt


Results: water boils in 40 minutes
Drawbacks: focus point continuously shifts
Concave mirror distiller
The same experiment is conducted using a metal pipe instead of a flexi pipe.

Results: water condenses faster when


in contact with metal.
Drawbacks: focus point continuously shifts.
Condensation not
efficient
Curved Acrylic reflector
The structure
the structure comprises of a metal
framework on which the curved acrylic
will be mounted.
The focus of the curve which is a straight
thin line will fall on a metal pipe which is
half filled with water to be distilled.
the water level is controlled by a vessel
connected by a flexi pipe.
The heated water then boils to vapors
and is passed through a steel pipe for
condensation.
Curved Acrylic reflector
Surface area: 1 sq mt
Results: water boils in 20 minutes
Drawbacks: there is loss of heat due to
large surface area.
condensation not effective.
Reference
•ICARUS EXPERIMENT REPORT
•WIKIPEDIA
THANK YOU

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