Scribd
Upload
7K views25 pages

Form 2 Chapter 10 Sound Waves

This document discusses characteristics of sound waves. It explains that sound is caused by vibration and requires a medium to travel through. It describes how loudness depends on amplitude and pitch depends on frequency. Musical instruments can produce different pitches by varying string thickness, tension, or length. The Doppler effect causes changes in frequency and pitch as the source or observer moves. Reflection of sound waves causes echoes, which can be used to detect depth or location of objects. Hearing has limitations in range and distance.

Uploaded by

Nurul Husna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7K views25 pages

Form 2 Chapter 10 Sound Waves

This document discusses characteristics of sound waves. It explains that sound is caused by vibration and requires a medium to travel through. It describes how loudness depends on amplitude and pitch depends on frequency. Musical instruments can produce different pitches by varying string thickness, tension, or length. The Doppler effect causes changes in frequency and pitch as the source or observer moves. Reflection of sound waves causes echoes, which can be used to detect depth or location of objects. Hearing has limitations in range and distance.

Uploaded by

Nurul Husna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

CHAPTER 10

SOUND WAVES
10.1 Characteristics of Sound Waves

1. Sound is a form of energy caused by vibration.


2. Sound produced by vibration objects.
3. The air particles surrounding the object vibrate when the
object vibrates.
4. This vibration causes the particles around it to vibrate and
produces a movement pattern as in diagram 10.1 and this
is known as sound waves.
CHAPTER 10: SOUND WAVES
1. Characteristics of sound waves:
a) cannot travels through vacuum
b) can be reflected
c) can be absorbed
d) can travels through solid, liquid and gases.
Sound requires a medium to propagate
• At first, the sound of the alarm is heard.
• The sound of alarm decreases as the air is removed
from the jar and no sound is heard when all the air
has been removed.
Answer:
Faiq. This is because Faiq’s string taut while Naqib’s
string slack. Slack string cannot transfer sound wave.
Transfer of sound
1. Wood and metal have hard and smooth surfaces that can reflect sound
better.
2. The towel has a soft and rough surfaces that can absorb sound better.
The Reflection of Sound

Hard,and smooth surfaces are good


sound reflectors.
Examples: mirror, marble tiles, and concrete
wall.
The absorption of Sound
Soft and Rough surfaces are good sound absorbers.

Examples: the carpet, sponge, polystyrene, and


rubber, curtain.
Sound can be reflected and absorbed

Materials Observation
Wooden plank The sound of the ticking of the clock can be
heard clearly.
Metal sheet The sound of the ticking of the clock can be
heard clearer
towel The sound of the ticking of the clock can be
heard softer.
10.2 Loudness and pitch of sound

Frequency and Amplitude of Sound


1. Sound varies in loudness and pitch.

2. Loudness of a sound depends on its amplitude.


The higher the amplitude of the sound waves, the
louder the sound can be heard.
10.2 Loudness and pitch of sound

Depends on Unit
Loudness amplitude meter, m

Pitch frequency hertz, hz

Amplitude Frequency
Meaning the maximum the complete
distance from the number of waves
equilibrium point. produced within a
second.
3. Amplitude, A is the maximum distance from the equilibrium
point. Amplitude is measured in meter or centimeter unit.

4. Pitch of the sound depends on the frequency of the waves.


The higher the frequency of the sound waves, the higher the
pitch.

5. Frequency, f is the complete number of waves produced


within a second. Frequency is measured in Hertz, Hz unit.
6. Musical instruments that can produce notes with a
wide frequency range and pitch:
a) piano
b) guitar
c) violin
d) drum
The changes in frequency can be changed by
altering:
The thickness of the The thicker the string, the lower
string the pitch of the sound produced.

The tension of the The tension the string, the greater


string the pitch of the sound produced.

The length of the The shorter the string, the higher


string the pitch of the sound produced.
Doppler effect
1. The Doppler effect is the change in frequency
caused by the movement of the source of sound, the
observer, or both.
2. As the ambulance approaches the observer:
a) the frequency of the siren increases,
b) the pitch increases.
3. As the ambulance moves away the observer:
a) the frequency of the siren decreases,
b) the pitch decreases.
10.3 Phenomenon and application of reflection
of sound waves
• The echoes is the result of sound waves being
reflected back when they hit a hard surface.
• It often happens inside closed areas like enclosed hall,
an empty room, a cave and a tunnel.
3.Echoes can be used to determine the distance of a
depth and detect the location of an object.
4.Animal like the bat and the dolphin use ultrasound
to detect victims and estimate the distance.
5. The shipping and fishing industry use ultrasound
reflection to detect the depth of the sea and the
location of the fish.
Limitation of hearing
• A normal person hearing range is around 20 to
20 000 Hz (hertz).
• There is also a limit as to how far our ear is able to
hear sound from a distance.
• We also cannot hear very soft sound like our
heartbeats

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy