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3 Skema HVDC

This document discusses different HVDC transmission schemes including back-to-back converters, monopolar, bipolar, and multi-terminal configurations. Back-to-back converters connect rectifiers and inverters at the same station to transmit power between adjacent asynchronous AC networks. Monopolar and bipolar transmissions use ground or metallic return paths, with bipolar using two transmission lines to increase capacity or availability. Multi-terminal schemes can flexibly exchange power between three or more stations in radial, series, or meshed configurations.

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Muhammad Yogi
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495 views18 pages

3 Skema HVDC

This document discusses different HVDC transmission schemes including back-to-back converters, monopolar, bipolar, and multi-terminal configurations. Back-to-back converters connect rectifiers and inverters at the same station to transmit power between adjacent asynchronous AC networks. Monopolar and bipolar transmissions use ground or metallic return paths, with bipolar using two transmission lines to increase capacity or availability. Multi-terminal schemes can flexibly exchange power between three or more stations in radial, series, or meshed configurations.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Yogi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HVDC SCHEMES

Ikrima Alfi, S.T., M.Eng.


Main Types of HVDC Schemes
1. Back-to-Back Converters
2. Monopolar Transmissions
3. Bipolar Transmissions
4. Multi terminal
1. Back-to-Back Converters
• Back-to-back menunjukkan bahwa rectifier dan inverter berada
di stasiun yang sama
• Back-to-back konverter terutama digunakan untuk transmisi
listrik antara jaringan AC berdekatan yang tidak sinkron
(berbeda frekuensi)
1. Back-to-Back Converters ...
2. Monopolar Transmissions
• Untuk jarak yang sangat jauh dan khususnya untuk transmisi
kabel laut yang sangat panjang, jalur kembali dengan elektroda
tanah / laut yang akan menjadi solusi paling memungkinkan.
2. Monopolar Transmissions ...
• In many cases, existing infrastructure or environmental
constraints prevent the use of electrodes.
• In such cases, a metallic return path is used in spite of
increased cost and losses.
3. Bipolar Transmissions
• A bipole is a combination of two poles in such a way that a common low voltage
return path, if available, will only carry a small unbalance current during normal
operation.
• This configuration is used if the required transmission capacity exceeds that of a
single pole.
• It is also used if requirement to higher energy availability or lower load rejection
power makes it necessary to split the capacity on two poles.
• During maintenance or outages of one pole, it is still possible to transmit part of the
power.
• More than 50 % of the transmission capacity can be utilized, limited by the actual
overload capacity of the remaining pole.
• The advantages of a bipolar solution over a solution with two monopoles are reduced
cost due to one common or no return path and lower losses.
• The main disadvantage is that unavailability of the return path with adjacent
components will affect both poles.
3.1 Bipole with Ground Return Path
• This is a commonly used configuration for a bipolar transmission
system.
• The solution provides a high degree of flexibility with respect to
operation with reduced capacity during contingencies or
maintenance.
3.1 Bipole with Ground Return Path ...
• Upon a single-pole fault, the current of the soundpole will be
taken over by the ground return path and the faulty pole will be
isolated.
3.1 Bipole with Ground Return Path ...
• Following a pole outage caused by the converter, the current
can be commutated from the ground return path into a metallic
return path provided by the HVDC conductor of the faulty
pole.
3.2 Bipole with Dedicated Metallic
Return Path for Monopolar Operation
• If there are restrictions even to temporary use of electrodes, or
if the transmission distance is relatively short, a dedicated
LVDC metallic return conductor can be considered as an
alternative to a ground return path with electrodes.
3.3 Bipole without Dedicated Return Path
for Monopolar Operation
• A scheme without electrodes or a dedicated metallic return
path for monopolar operation will give the lowest initial cost.
• Monopolar operation is possible by means of bypass switches
during a converter pole outage, but not during an HVDC
conductor outage.
• A short bipolar outage will follow a converter pole outage
before the bypass operation can be established
3.3 Bipole without Dedicated Return Path
for Monopolar Operation...
5. Multi-Terminal HVDC Schemes
• The term ‘Multi-Terminal (MT)’ is used to describe HVDC
schemes with the ability to flexibly interchange power
between three or more converter stations
• The three main configuration options for MT HVDC schemes
are:
 Radial
 Series
 Meshed
5.1 Radial
• Each converter station is connected to a single DC line, and is
in parallel with other converters.
• In radial configurations, any DC system disconnections will
result in significant changes to the flow of energy in the AC
system
5.2 Series
• All the convertor stations are connected in series in a ring
shaped DC line.
• A section of the ring DC line cannot be disconnected
without interrupting energy exchange between the AC
systems
5.3 Meshed
• Where each converter station is connected to more than one
DC line.
• Any part of the DC system can be disconnected without a
change in the flow of energy between the AC systems.

Simplified Meshed 4-Terminal HVDC System


referensi
• High Voltage Direct Current Transmission – Proven
Technology for Power exchange
www.siemens.com/energy/hvdc

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