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Lecture 16

This document discusses various frameworks and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It describes Lawrence's framework for conducting an ideal EIA quality/effectiveness analysis, and outlines five pathways proposed by Retief for designing effectiveness criteria. The document also reviews studies examining the influence of EIAs on decision making, mitigation measures included in wind farm EIAs, and important criteria for supporting effective EIAs.

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Vikaas Sager
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33 views19 pages

Lecture 16

This document discusses various frameworks and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It describes Lawrence's framework for conducting an ideal EIA quality/effectiveness analysis, and outlines five pathways proposed by Retief for designing effectiveness criteria. The document also reviews studies examining the influence of EIAs on decision making, mitigation measures included in wind farm EIAs, and important criteria for supporting effective EIAs.

Uploaded by

Vikaas Sager
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EFFECTIVENESS OF EIA

Lecture 16
EIA effectiveness

is EIA a how do we
good idea know it
and why? adds value?

is EIA as a
can we
decision
prove that
support
EIA is not a
tool
waste of
succeeding
time?
?

2
EIA Debate
• EIA identity
• or What is EIA?

• Need for EIA


• what it aims to achieve and how it can be defined

• How EIA can be applied?


• Evaluation of EIA performance or effectiveness:
• exploring how well EIA is being conducted and what it is
achieving?

3
4
Ideal EIA quality/effectiveness analysis
• Lawrence (1997) depicted a holistic framework which he named an ‘ideal
EIA quality/effectiveness analysis’
• His framework requires the macro context to be defined
• Afterwards, a micro level review is conducted, which includes looking at
the quality of process, methods and documentation
• Furthermore, direct and indirect outcomes are to be reviewed
• A feature of the framework is that it is structured and clearly
differentiates between macro and micro levels
• https://
www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02688867.1997.9727064?need
Access=true
5
6
Measuring EIA effectiveness
• EIA effectiveness criteria
1. identifying and formulating specific effectiveness criteria
2. Methods for measuring conformance with these criteria

7
Effectiveness evaluation

objectives

criteria principles

8
Effectiveness package Sadler (2004)
• Consisting of a framework and a checklist. The framework
consists of:
1. a preliminary audit of the adequacy of institutional
arrangements
2. a step by step review of EIA implementation and
operational performance
3. a review of the technical, consultative and
administrative components of the EIA process
4. a review of the influence of EIA on decision-making

9
How to design criteria?
Retief (2008) outlined five possible pathways
• Track 1: Monitoring and auditing
• Track 2: Evaluating achievement of stated objectives
• Track 3: Evaluation of the performance of the strategic initiative
• Track 4: Checking conformance of subsequent decision-making with
the strategic initiative and SEA
• Track 5: Monitoring and evaluation of the actual impacts of a
strategic initiative on the environment and sustainability

10
Current performance of aspects that contribute to making EIA a successful policy
instrument

• One example is, looking at various aspects that are said to contribute to
EIA as a successful policy instrument, following work by Sadler (2004)

11
12
Consideration of EIA in project level decision-making
• Study by Wood (2003) compared the influence of EIA reports on
decisions for seven countries
• He found that in all countries there were regulatory requirements for
the EIA report to be considered in decision-making and that in
practice six of the seven countries could demonstrate partial
influence

13
Spring 2017 14
Decision makers’ perceptions on the overall influence of EIA
• Phylip-Jones and Fischer (2013) evaluated the application and impact
of EIA for twenty wind farms (ten onshore and ten offshore) in the UK
and Germany
• They established a major to moderate impact on the decisions made

15
07/27/2020 Spring 2017 16
07/27/2020 17
Type and extent of mitigation measures in wind farm EIAs
• They also provided for an overview of the type and extent of measures
adopted in wind farm developments based on EIA
• In all twenty cases conditions were included on the overall operating
lifetime of the wind farm and the site re-instatement after operation
• Furthermore, fifteen cases included a reduction in the number of
turbines and ten restrictions on construction activity
• Further measures considered included changes to wind farm layouts,
stipulations of specific wind turbine types or sizes and conditions
relating to electrical cable routing

18
How to support effective EIA
• The following important effectiveness criteria were identified
• SEA needs to be flexible in order to fit into the decision-making context
• Stakeholders need to be given an opportunity to participate
• The SEA process needs to be transparent
• SEA needs to have a binding character
• Assessment needs to be of good quality
• Values in SEA should reflect the values of the policy context
• Decision makers should be open to environmental / sustainability issues
• SEA needs to be tiered with other assessments
• Adequate resources need to be made available
• Communication needs to be effective
19

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