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Quadratic Functions: College Algebra

The document discusses key concepts about quadratic functions and complex numbers including: 1) Imaginary numbers are defined as the square root of negative numbers and can be written as multiples of i. 2) Complex numbers have real and imaginary parts and can be plotted on a complex plane. 3) The characteristics, transformations, intercepts and extrema of quadratic functions can be determined from their equations. 4) Both the quadratic formula and factoring can be used to find real and complex roots of quadratic functions.

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49 views17 pages

Quadratic Functions: College Algebra

The document discusses key concepts about quadratic functions and complex numbers including: 1) Imaginary numbers are defined as the square root of negative numbers and can be written as multiples of i. 2) Complex numbers have real and imaginary parts and can be plotted on a complex plane. 3) The characteristics, transformations, intercepts and extrema of quadratic functions can be determined from their equations. 4) Both the quadratic formula and factoring can be used to find real and complex roots of quadratic functions.

Uploaded by

Ric Napus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quadratic Functions

College Algebra
Imaginary Numbers

We can find the square root of a negative number, but it is not a real number. If
the value in the radicand is negative, the root is said to be an imaginary
number. The imaginary number i is defined as the square root of negative 1.

√−1=i

We can write the square root of any negative number as a multiple of i. Consider
the square root of –25. Since the square root of 25 is 5 the square root of -25 is
5i.
Complex Numbers
A complex number is a number of the form a+bi where

• a is the real part of the complex number.


• bi is the imaginary part of the complex number.

If b=0, then a+bi is a real number. If a=0 and b is not equal to 0, the


complex number is called an imaginary number. An imaginary number is
an even root of a negative number.
Plotting Complex Numbers

How to represent a complex number on


the complex plane.
1. Determine the real part and the
imaginary part of the complex
number.
2. Move along the horizontal axis to
show the real part of the number.
3. Move parallel to the vertical axis to
show the imaginary part of the
number.
A Complex Plane
4. Plot the point.
How to Add or Subtract Complex Numbers

1. Identify the real and imaginary parts of each number.


2. Add or subtract the real parts.
3. Add or subtract the imaginary parts.

(a+bi)+(c+di)=(a+c)+(b+d)i
(a+bi) – (c+di)=(a-c)+(b-d)i
Multiplying a Complex Number by a Real Number

1. Distribute
2. Simplify
Multiplying Complex Numbers Together

Using either the distributive property or the FOIL method, we get

(a+bi)(c+di)=ac+adi+bci+bdi2

Because i2=−1 we have

(a+bi)(c+di)=ac+adi+bci−bd

To simplify, we combine the real parts, and we combine the imaginary parts

(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac−bd)+(ad+bc)i
Dividing Complex Numbers

 where a≠0 and b≠0

Multiply the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the


denominator. The complex conjugate of a complex number a+bi is a−bi.

Simplify, remembering that i2 =-1.


Characteristics of Parabolas
Desmos Interactive

Topic: characteristics of parabolas; vertex and axis of symmetry

https://www.desmos.com/calculator/q3e3ymnpnn
Equations of Quadratic Functions
The general form of a quadratic function presents the function in the form

f(x)=ax2+bx+cf

where a, b, and c are real numbers and a≠0. If a>0, the parabola opens upward. If a<0,
the parabola opens downward.

The standard form of a quadratic function presents the function in the form

f(x)=a(x−h)2+k

where (h, k) is the vertex. Because the vertex appears in the standard form of the quadratic
function, this form is also known as the vertex form of a quadratic function.
Transformations of Parabolas

• Shift Up and Down by


Changing the value of k
• Shift left and right by
changing the value of h.
• Stretch or compress by
changing the value of a.
Desmos Interactives

Topic: transformations of quadratic functions

(transform with h) - https://www.desmos.com/calculator/5g3xfhkklq

(transform with k) - https://www.desmos.com/calculator/fpatj6tbcn

(transform with a) - https://www.desmos.com/calculator/ha6gh59rq7

(transform with all three) - https://www.desmos.com/calculator/pimelalx4i


How to Find the Y- and X-intercepts.

1. Evaluate f(0) to find the y-intercept.

2. Solve the quadratic equation f(x)=0 to find the x-intercepts.


The Quadratic Formula and Discriminants

The quadratic formula is

The discriminant is defined as b2−4ac.

The discriminant shows whether the quadratic has real or complex roots.
Analyzing Quadratic Functions

• The vertex can be found from an equation representing a quadratic function.


• A quadratic function’s minimum or maximum value is given by the y-value of the
vertex.
• The minimum or maximum value of a quadratic function can be used to
determine the range of the function and to solve many kinds of real-world
problems, including problems involving area and revenue.
• The vertex and the intercepts can be identified and interpreted to solve real-
world problems.
• Some quadratic functions have complex roots, meaning that they do not cross
the x axis.
Quick Review

•How do you express square roots of negative numbers as multiples of i?


•How do you plot complex numbers on the complex plane?
•How do you add and subtract complex numbers?
•How do you multiply and divide complex numbers?
•What are the characteristics of parabolas?
•How is the graph of a parabola related to its quadratic function?
•Can you use the quadratic formula and factoring to find both real and complex roots (x-intercepts) of quadratic
functions?
•Can you use algebra to find the y-intercepts of a quadratic function?
•Can you solve problems involving the roots and intercepts of a quadratic function?
•Can you use the discriminant to determine the nature (real or complex) and quantity of solutions to quadratic
equations?
•What is a quadratic function’s minimum or maximum value?
•Can you solve problems involving a quadratic function’s minimum or maximum value?

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