Chapter 1

Introduction to
Computers
Lecture 1 Objectives
Recognize
Recognizethe
theimportance
importanceof
of
computer
computerliteracy
literacy
Identify
Identifythe
thetypes
typesof
ofsoftware
software
Define
Definethe
theterm
termcomputer
computerand
andidentify
identify
its
itscomponents
components
Describe
Describethe
thecategories
categoriesof
ofcomputers
computers
Explain
Explainwhy
whyaacomputer
computerisisaa
powerful
powerfultool
tool Determine
Determinehow
howthe
theelements
elementsof
ofan
an
information
informationsystem
systeminteract
interact
Recognize
Recognizethe
thepurpose
purposeof
ofaanetwork
network
Identify
Identifythe
thetypes
typesofof
computer
computerusers
users
Discuss
Discussthe
theuses
usesof
ofthe
theInternet
Internetand
andthe
the
World
WorldWide
WideWebWeb Discuss
Discussvarious
variouscomputer
computer
applications
applicationsin
insociety
society
Distinguish
Distinguishbetween
betweeninstalling
installingand
and
running
runningaaprogram
program

Next
 A World of Computers

What is computer literacy?

 Knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses
 Computers are everywhere

p. 5 Fig. 1-1 Next

 What Is a Computer?

How is a computer defined?

 Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data into

Accepts data information
Raw facts, figures, and
Data that is organized,
symbols
meaningful, and useful

Produces and stores results

p. 6 Next
 What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage
 Communication

p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Input Devices
below Chapter 1
p. 7 Fig. 1-3 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to a user

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Output Devices
below Chapter 1
p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
 Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Also called a processor
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do

Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions

p. 8 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use

Storage
Storagemedia
media
Physical
Physicalmaterial
materialon
onwhich
whichdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
informationare
arestored
stored

Storage
Storagedevice
device
Records
Recordsand
andretrieves
retrievesitems
itemstotoand
andfrom
from
aastorage
storagemedium
medium

p. 8 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is storage media?

Digital
Digital
cameras
cameras
Portable,
Portable, thin
thin
memory
memory cards
cards
used
used in:
in: Handheld
Handheld
computers
computers

p. 8 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is a floppy disk?
 Thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid
plastic shell
 A USB flash drive is
portable, and has
much greater
storage capacity

p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What is a flash drive?
 Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
Zip® disk
 Small and
lightweight enough
to be transported
on a keychain or
in a pocket

p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
 Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
USB flash drive
 Housed inside the
system unit

p. 9 Fig. 1-6 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
 Flat, round, portable metal disc
 CD-ROM
 CD-RW
 DVD-ROM
 DVD+RW

p. 9 Fig. 1-7 Next

 Why Is a Computer So Powerful?
What makes a computer powerful?

Reliability
Storage and Speed
Consistency

Accuracy Communications

p. 10 Next
 Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
 Collection of computers and devices connected together

Communications
Communications
Device Communications
Communications
Device
Media
Media
Enables Satellites
Enablesaa Cables
connection
connection Telephone Cellular
between
between lines radio
computers
computers
One type is
a modem

p. 10 Next
 Networks and the Internet
What are the reasons to network?

To
Toshare
share

Resources
Resources
Hardware
Hardware
devices
devices Software
Software
programs
programs To save
Data
To save
Data time
time
Information
Information and
and
money
money

p. 10 Next
 Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
 Manages the
resources on
a network
 A client accesses
the resources
on the server

p. 10 Fig. 1-8 Next

 Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
 Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of computers

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Internet
below Chapter 1
p. 11 Fig. 1-9 Next
 Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment

p. 12 Fig. 1-10 Next

 Networks and the Internet
What is the Web?
 Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet

AAWeb
Website
siteisis
aacollection
collectionofof
related
relatedWeb
Webpages
pages
AAWeb
Webpage
pagecontains
contains
text,
text,graphics,
graphics,sound,
sound,
video, You
Youcan
canshare
video,and
andlinks
linkstoto share
other information
informationby
otherWeb
Webpages
pages by
creating
creatingWeb
Webpages
pages
or
orposting
postingphotos
photoson
on
aaphoto
photocommunity
community

p. 13 Next
 Computer Software

How do you install a software program?

 A program is a series of instructions that tells the
computer what to do

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Computer Programs
below Chapter 1
p. 14 Fig. 1-13 Next
 Computer Software

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

 Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and icons
 Controls how you
enter data and how
the screen displays
information

p. 14 Fig. 1-14 Next

 Computer Software

What is system software?

 Programs that control the operations of the computer
and its devices

Operating
OperatingSystem
System(OS)
(OS)
isisaaset
setof
ofprograms
programs
that
thatcoordinates
coordinatesallall
activities
activitiesamong
among
computer
computerhardware
hardware
devices Utility
UtilityPrograms
Programsallow
allowthe
theuser
usertoto
devicesandandallows
allows perform
users
userstotorun
run performmaintenance-type
maintenance-typetasks
tasks
application usually
usuallyrelated
relatedtotomanaging
managingaa
applicationsoftware
software computer,
computer,its
itsdevices
devicesor
orits
itsprograms
programs

p. 15 Next
 Computer Software

What is application software?

 Programs that perform
specific tasks for users

Word
Spreadsheet
Processing

Presentation
Database
Graphics

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Application Software
below Chapter 1
p. 16 Fig. 1-15 Next
 Computer Software
Javascript program
What is a programmer?
 Someone who develops
application or system
software
 Programmer writes
instructions to
direct computer to
process data into
information

p. 17 Fig. 1-16 Resulting Internet application Next

 Categories of Computers

What are the categories of computers?

Personal computers (desktop)

Mobile computers
and mobile devices

Midrange servers

Mainframe computers

Supercomputers

p. 18 Next
 Personal Computers

What are the two most popular series of personal

computers?
 PC and compatibles  Apple Macintosh
use the Windows uses the Macintosh
operating system operating system
(Mac OS)

Click to view Web

Link,
click Chapter 1, Click
Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Personal
Computers below
Chapter 1
p. 19 Figs. 1-18–1-19 Next
 Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
 Designed so all of the components fit on or under
a desk or table

p. 19 Fig. 1-18 Next

 Personal Computers
What is a notebook computer?
 Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
 Also called a laptop
computer
 Generally more
expensive than a desktop
computer

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Notebook Computers
below Chapter 1
p. 20 Fig. 1-20 Next
 Handheld Computers
What is a tablet PC?
 Resembles a letter-sized slate
 Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
 Especially useful for taking
notes
 Can also attach a Keyboard
 Can also support voice input
 For taking notes in
lectures, at meetings,
conferences……

p. 20 Fig. 1-21 Next

 Handheld Computers

What are Web-enabled handheld computers?

 Allow you to check e-mail
and access the Internet
 Web-enabled telephone is
a “smart phone”

p. 21 Fig. 1-23 Next

 Handheld Computers
What is a handheld computer?

Small
enough to fit
Used
in your
by mobile
hand
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people

p. 21 Next
 Handheld Computers
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
 Provides personal organizer functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad

Click to view video

p. 21 Fig. 1-23 Next

 Servers
What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large
computer that supports up to a few
thousand computers

Mainframe Very powerful,

expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers

Supercomputer The fastest, most

powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations

p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-25–1-27 Next

 Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
 People
 Procedures
 Data
 Software
 Hardware

p. 24 Fig. 1-28 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage
What are five categories of computer users?

p. 25 Fig. 1-29 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?

p. 26 Fig. 1-30 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?
 Local area
network (LAN)
 Productivity
software
 Specialty
software
 Web usage
 E-mail

p. 28 Fig. 1-33 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage

What is available for

a mobile user?
 Hardware

 Software
 Productivity
 Presentation
 Personal
information
manager

p. 29 Fig. 1-35 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of the large business user?

Public kiosk

Web access

Network Telecommuting
Productivity software
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link Scheduling
from left navigation,
then click Enterprise Computing
below Chapter 1
p. 30 Figs. 1-37–1-40 Next
 Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of a power user?

 Speed and large amounts of storage
 Types of power users
 Engineers
 Architects
 Desktop publishers
 Graphic artists

p. 32 Fig. 1-41 Next

 Computer Applications in Society

What are some examples

of computer applications
in society?
 Education
 Finance
 Government
 Healthcare
 Science
 Publishing
 Travel
 Industry

Click to view video

p. 33 Figs. 1-42–1-49 Next

Summary of Introduction to Computers

The
Theimportance
importanceof
ofcomputer
computerliteracy
literacy
Types
Typesof
ofsoftware
software
The
Thecomputer
computerand
andits
itscomponents
components
Categories
Categoriesof
ofcomputers
computers
Why
Whyisisaacomputer
computerso
sopowerful?
powerful?
Elements
Elementsof
ofan
aninformation
informationsystem
system
What
Whatisisaanetwork?
network?
Types
Typesof
ofcomputer
computerusers
users
The
TheInternet
Internetand
andthe
the
World
WorldWide
WideWeb
Web
Computer
Computerapplications
applicationsin
insociety
society
Installing
Installingand
andrunning
runningaaprogram
program

Chapter 1 Complete