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EE 504 B Signals and Systems

This document discusses the key application areas of signals and systems including control, communications, and signal processing. It provides examples of how signals and systems concepts are used in various applications such as industrial control using transfer functions, digital communication using modulation, signal processing using algorithms to modify signals, multimedia applications using compression techniques like JPEG, biological signal analysis using tools like Fourier transforms, and audio signal processing using techniques like filtering.

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65 views19 pages

EE 504 B Signals and Systems

This document discusses the key application areas of signals and systems including control, communications, and signal processing. It provides examples of how signals and systems concepts are used in various applications such as industrial control using transfer functions, digital communication using modulation, signal processing using algorithms to modify signals, multimedia applications using compression techniques like JPEG, biological signal analysis using tools like Fourier transforms, and audio signal processing using techniques like filtering.

Uploaded by

SagarManjrekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 504 B

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS


Application Areas
• Control
• Communications
• Signal Processing
Control Applications
• Industrial control and automation (Control
the velocity or position of an object)
• Examples: Controlling the position of a valve
or shaft of a motor
• Important Tools:
– Time-domain solution of differential
equations
– Transfer function (Laplace Transform)
– Stability
Communication Applications
• Transmission of information (signal) over a
channel
• The channel may be free space, coaxial cable,
fiber optic cable
• A key component of transmission:
Modulation (Analog and Digital
Communication)
Digital Modulation
• Used in CDs, digital cellular service, digital
phone lines and computer modems.
• Advantages:
– Can be encrypted
– Electronic routing of data is easier
– Digital storage faster
– Multimedia capability
Signal Processing Applications
• Signal processing=Application of algorithms to
modify signals in a way to make them more useful.
• Goals:
– Efficient and reliable transmission, storage and
display of information
– Information extraction and enhancement
• Examples:
– Speech and audio processing
– Multimedia processing (image and video)
– Underwater acoustic
– Biological signal analysis
Multimedia Applications
• Compression: Fast, efficient, reliable
transmission and storage of data
• Applied on audio, image and video data for
transmission over the Internet, storage
• Examples: CDs, DVDs, MP3, MPEG4, JPEG
• Mathematical Tools: Fourier Transform,
Quantization, Modulation
JPEG Example
43K 13K 3.5K

• JPEG uses Discrete-Cosine Transform (similar


to Fourier Transform)
Biological Signal Analysis
• Examples:
– Brain signals (EEG)
– Cardiac signals (ECG)
– Medical images (x-ray, PET, MRI)
• Goals:
– Detect abnormal activity (heart attack,
seizure)
– Help physicians with diagnosis
• Tools: Filtering, Fourier Transform
Biometrics

• Identifying a person using physiological


characteristics
• Examples:
– Fingerprint Identification
– Face Recognition
– Voice Recognition
Audio Signal Processing
• Active noise cancellation: Adaptive filtering
– Headphones used in cockpits
• Digital Audio Effects
– Add special music effects such as delay,
echo, reverb
• Audio signal separation
– Separate speech from interference
– Wind sound from music in cars
Filtering Example
THANK YOU

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