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PLL Applications (19.3.2020)

The document discusses various applications of Phase Locked Loops (PLLs): 1. Frequency multiplication/division - The PLL acts as a frequency multiplier or divider by selecting a divide-by-N network to multiply or divide the input frequency by an integer factor N. 2. Frequency translation - The PLL shifts the frequency of an oscillator by a small factor by mixing the VCO output with the input signal and filtering out the sum or difference frequency. 3. AM detection - The PLL acts as an AM detector by phase shifting the AM signal and VCO output by 90 degrees before mixing to extract the demodulated signal. 4. FM/FSK detection - The PLL tracks the frequency

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441 views12 pages

PLL Applications (19.3.2020)

The document discusses various applications of Phase Locked Loops (PLLs): 1. Frequency multiplication/division - The PLL acts as a frequency multiplier or divider by selecting a divide-by-N network to multiply or divide the input frequency by an integer factor N. 2. Frequency translation - The PLL shifts the frequency of an oscillator by a small factor by mixing the VCO output with the input signal and filtering out the sum or difference frequency. 3. AM detection - The PLL acts as an AM detector by phase shifting the AM signal and VCO output by 90 degrees before mixing to extract the demodulated signal. 4. FM/FSK detection - The PLL tracks the frequency

Uploaded by

Konda Sumanayana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applications of PLL

• Frequency Multiplier
• Frequency translator
• AM Detector
• FM / FSK Detector
Application No 1
Frequency multiplication/Division:

 The output of VCO for nth harmonic fs = fo / N

 The multiplication factor N is obtained by selecting a proper scaling factor N of the counter.

 A divide by N network is inserted between the VCO output and the phase comparator input.

The VCO output frequency f f


Output Waveforms
Input and output waveforms of PLL multiplier

 
The desired amount of multiplication can be obtained by selecting a proper divide by
N network -N is an integer.

When the system is in lock, the vco  is actually running at the multiple of input
frequency .
VCO Output fo =N*fin. 
Frequency Multiplier Circuit

Apply the input signal as   5V p-p ,1Khz square wave 


Observe the multiplied frequency output on the CRO
Frequency multiplier Example
Design and Calculations

Let V+ =10 V and V- = -10 


Let Input frequency =  1 KHz

Take C1=0.01μF C2=10μF  and C3=0.001μF 


Then R1=6K
Use Cc=10μF and  R=10k

fo= (1.2/4*R1*C1) = 5 KHz

Output waveform:

The input frequency =  1 KHz


The Output Frequency = 5 KHz
Application No 2
PLL used as frequency Translator

The frequency translation means shifting the frequency of an oscillator by a small factor
The output of the mixer contains the sum (fs+fo) and the difference (fs-fo) frequency.
LPF eliminates the HF term and allows only the LF component (fs-fo).
The translation frequency is fed to the second phase comparator with (fs-fo).  
 Hence locked frequency
Application No 3
PLL used AM detector
Demodulated
output

 VCO output is always 90 out of phase with the incoming AM signal


The AM signal is also phase shifted by 90⁰ before being fed to the multiplier. This makes the both the
signals applied to the multiplier in phase.
The output of the multiplier contains both the sum and the difference signals.
PLL AM detector exhibits a high degree of selectivity and noise immunity
Application No 4
PLL used FM detector

Where no modulation is applied,


The carrier is in the centre position and VCO is set to the mid position.

The faithful reproduction of modulating voltage depends on the linearity between the
instantaneous frequency deviation and the control voltage of VCO.

By amplifying the variations in voltage on the tune line it is possible to generate the
demodulated signal
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Demodulator
Block Diagram

Consider that there are two frequencies,

one frequency (f1) is represented as “0”

other frequency (f2) is represented as “1”

The VCO control voltage which is also supplied to the comparator

The difference between the two control voltage levels will be


FSK demodulator
 

Circuit Diagram

This type of data transmission is called Frequency Shift Keying (FSK).


The binary data can be retrieved using a FSK demodulator at the receiving end.
FSK demodulator is constructed using PLL for the signals of 1070Hz and 1270Hz.
As the signal appears at the input, the loop locks to the input frequency tracks it
between the two frequencies.
A three stage filter removes the carrier component and the output signal is made
compatible by a voltage comparator.
Advantages of PLL demodulator

 Linearity:
-High degree of linearity. This is governed by the voltage to frequency characteristic of the
VCO

 Insensitive to amplitude noise:


- It is very insensitive to amplitude noise

 Ease of incorporation into Ics:


- PLLs have long been available as ICs and this has meant that the technology is
easy to implement.

 Manufacturing costs:
- One particular advantage is that often no inductor is required for the VCO
circuit.
–Thank You

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