Scribd
Upload
76 views32 pages

Unit 6

1) Fetal circulation has temporary structures like the umbilical vein, ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and umbilical arteries that enable oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and mix with deoxygenated blood. 2) In fetal circulation, most blood flows from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale, bypassing the nonfunctional lungs. 3) At birth, closure of the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, umbilical vein and arteries, and ductus venosus establishes the infant's permanent circulatory pattern with gas exchange occurring in the lungs.

Uploaded by

Bharat Thapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views32 pages

Unit 6

1) Fetal circulation has temporary structures like the umbilical vein, ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and umbilical arteries that enable oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and mix with deoxygenated blood. 2) In fetal circulation, most blood flows from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale, bypassing the nonfunctional lungs. 3) At birth, closure of the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, umbilical vein and arteries, and ductus venosus establishes the infant's permanent circulatory pattern with gas exchange occurring in the lungs.

Uploaded by

Bharat Thapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

FETAL

CIRCULATION
Before going through fetal circulation ,we
should understands the several temporary
structure that enable the fetal circulation.
which became change after delivery. these
are

The umbilical veins:-the umbilical veins


leads from the umbilical cord to the
underside of the liver and carries blood rich
in O2 and nutrient. It has a branch which
joint the portal vein and supplies the livers
CONTINUE
The ductus venous (from vein to vein):
it connect the umbilical vein to the inferior
venacava.at this point the blood mixes with
deoxygenated blood returning from the lower
parts of the body. Thus the blood throughout
the body is at best partially oxygenated.
CONTINUE
The foramen ovale:-
it is a temporary opening between the atria
which allows a majority of blood entering
from inferior venacava to pass across into
the left artium.the reason for this diversion
is that the blood does not need to pass
through the lungs ,it is already oxygenated.
CONTINUE
The ductus arteriosus(from an artery to
artery):-it lead from the bifurcation(divide
into two separate part) of the pulmonary
artery to descending aorta.
The hypo gastric arteries: these are branch
off from the internal iliac arteries and became
the umbilical arteries when they enter the
umbilical cords they return to placenta.
PROCESS OF FETAL CIRCULATION
The umbilical vein carrying the oxygenated blood
(80% saturated) from the placenta enters the fetus at
the umbilicus and runs along the free margin of liver.

In the liver, it gives off branches to the left lobe of


the liver and about half of the blood passes into it
and receives the deoxygenated blood from the portal
vein.
In liver, the greater portion of oxygenated
blood is mixed with portal venous blood and
inferior venacave and then reach to right
atrium of the heart.

.
In the right atrium, most of the blood
flow(75%) of it is shunted directly into the
left atrium through the foramen ovale. Here
it mixed with small amount of venous blood
returning from the lung through the
pulmonary vein.

The Left artial blood is passed on through the


mitral opening to the left ventricles
Remaining lesser amount of blood 25% after reaching the
right atrium via the superior and inferior venacava passes
through the tricuspid opening into the right ventricle.

During ventricular contraction the left ventricular blood is


pumped into the ascending and arch of aorta and distributed by
their branches to heart, head, neck, brain and arms.
The right ventricular blood with low oxygen
content is discharged into the pulmonary
trunk, the major portion of blood passed
directly through the ductus arteriosus into the
descending aorta by passing the lungs where
it mixes with the blood from the proxmial
aorta and only small portion is goes to lungs
for o2 and nutrition supply for both lungs.
The mixed blood of descending aorta is
distributed in whole body and most impure
blood leaves the body by way of two
umbilical arteries to reach the placenta for
recycle.
CHANGE OF THE FETAL CIRCULATION AT
BIRTH

The fetal circulation changes soon after


birth due to

 Cessation of the placental blood flow

 Initiation of respiration
THE FOLLOWING CHANGES OCCUR
IN THE VASCULAR SYSTEM.
1)Closure of the umbilical arteries:- Functional
closure is almost instantaneous preventing even
slight amount of the fetal blood to drain out .
Actual obliteration takes about 2-3 month. The
distal parts form the lateral umbilical ligaments and
the proximal parts remain open as superior vesical
arteries.
 2)Closure of the umbilical vein:-
 The obliteration occur a little later than the
arteries, allowing few extra volume of the blood
(80-100 ml) to be received by the fetus from the
placenta. The ductus venosus collapse and the
venous pressure of the inferior vanacava falls
and also in right atria. after obliteration ,the
umbilical vein forms the ligamentum teres and
ductus venosus becomes ligamentum venosum
CONTINUE
3)Closure of the ductus arteriosus:-functional
closure of the ductus may occur soon after the
establishment of pulmonary circulation, the
anatomical obliteration take about 1-3 months and
becomes ligamentum arteriosum.
4)Closure of the foramen ovale: functional closure
occurs soon after birth but anatomical closures in
about 1 years time. during the few days, the closure
may be reversible, this is evidenced by the cyanotic
look of the baby during crying.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ADULT AND FETAL
CIRCULATION
Criteria Adult Circulation Fetal circulation

Artery Carries oxygenated Carries Non-


blood away from the oxygenated blood
heart away from the fetal
heart

veins Carries non- Carries oxygenated


oxygenated blood blood back to the heart
towards the heart
Exchange of gases Takes places in the Takes place in the
lungs placenta

pressure Increase pressure on the Increase pressure on the


left side of the heart right side of the heart
CONTINUE
criteria Adult circulation Fetal circulation
Mixed of blood The venous and The arterial and venous blood
arterial blood is not is mixed .
mixed .
Function of
aorta The aorta carries only The aorta carries mixed (O2
oxygenated blood for and CO2 )blood. for
distribution. distribution.

Temporary In adult circulation


there is no temporary In fetal circulation there is
structure
structure. five temporary structure.
which is change different parts
after delivery
SEQUENCE

 Non-oxygenated blood enters the right atrium


via the inferior and superior vena cava.
 Increase level of blood in the right atrium causes
the tricuspid valve to open and drain the blood
to the right ventricle.
 Pressure of blood in the right ventricle causes the
pulmonic valve to open and non-oxygenated
blood is directed to the pulmonary artery then
to the lungs.
CONTINUE
Exchange of gases occurs in the lungs.
Highly oxygenated blood is returned to the
heart via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.

From the left atrium the pressure of the


oxygenated blood causes the mitral valve to
open and drain the oxygenated blood to the left
ventricle.
CONTINUE

Left ventricle then pumps the


oxygenated blood that opens the
aortic valve. Blood is then directed to
the ascending and descending aorta to
be distributed in the systemic
circulation
FETAL CIRCULATION SEQUENCE
Exchange of gases occurs in the placenta.
Oxygenated blood is carried by the umbilical
vein towards the fetal heart.
The ductus venosus directs part of the blood
flow from the umbilical vein away from the
fetal liver (filtration of the blood by the liver
is unnecessary during the fetal life) and
directly to the inferior vena cava.
CONTINUE

Blood from the ductus venosus enters to


the inferior vena cava. Increase levels of
oxygenated blood flows into the right
atrium

in fetal circulation most of the blood in the


right atrium is directed by the foramen
ovale (opening between the two atria) to
the left atrium.
CONTINUE

The blood then flows to the left atrium to the


left ventricle going to the aorta. Majority of
the blood in the ascending aorta goes to the
brain, heart, head and upper body.

The portion of the blood that drained into the


right ventricle passes to the pulmonary artery
CONTINUE
As blood enters the pulmonary artery (carries
blood to the lungs), an opening called ductus
arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery and
the descending aorta.

Hence, most of the blood will bypass the non-


functioning fetal lungs and will be distributed
to the different parts of the body.
CONTINUE

A small portion of the oxygenated blood that


enters the lungs remains there for fetal lung
maturity.

The umbilical arteries then carry the non-


oxygenated blood away from the heart to the
placenta for oxygenation.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy