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Lung Volumes and Capacities

This document discusses lung volumes and capacities. There are 4 basic lung volumes - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Lung capacities are subdivisions of total lung volume that include two or more basic volumes. The key lung capacities are total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and inspiratory capacity. Restrictive diseases decrease lung volumes and make inspiration more difficult. Obstructive diseases decrease vital capacity and increase total lung capacity, residual volume, and functional residual capacity, making expiration more difficult.

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Moses Dumbuya
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215 views16 pages

Lung Volumes and Capacities

This document discusses lung volumes and capacities. There are 4 basic lung volumes - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Lung capacities are subdivisions of total lung volume that include two or more basic volumes. The key lung capacities are total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and inspiratory capacity. Restrictive diseases decrease lung volumes and make inspiration more difficult. Obstructive diseases decrease vital capacity and increase total lung capacity, residual volume, and functional residual capacity, making expiration more difficult.

Uploaded by

Moses Dumbuya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lung capacities and Volume

 Moses FRANKLYN Dumbuya


Lung Volumes and Capacities

 The total volume contained in


the lung at the end of a
maximal inspiration is
subdivided into volumes and
subdivided into capacities.
There are 4 volume subdivisions

 They do not overlap


 They can not be further divided

 When added together equal total

lung capacity
Lung Capacities

 Aresubdivisions of the total


volume that include two or
more of the 4 basic lung
volumes
Basic Lung Volumes

 Tidal Volume: TV
 The amount of gas inspired or

expired with each normal breath.


 About 500 ml
Basic Lung Volumes

 Inspiratory Reserve Volume: IRV


 Maximum amount of additional

air that can be inspired from the


end of a normal inspiration.
Basic Lung Volumes

 Expiratory Reserve Volume: ERV


 The maximum volume of

additional air that can be expired


from the end of a normal
expiration.
Basic Lung Volumes
 Residual Volume: RV
 The volume of air remaining in the lung

after a maximal expiration. This is the only


lung volume which cannot be measured
with a spirometer.
 Gas dilution tech

 nitrogen
 helium
 Body Plethysmograph
Lung Capacities
 Total Lung Capacity: TLC
 The volume of air contained in the

lungs at the end of a maximal


inspiration.
 Called a capacity because it is the

sum of the 4 basic lung volumes


 TLC= RV+IRV+TV+ERV
Lung Capacities
 Vital Capacity: VC
 The maximum volume of air that can be

forcefully expelled from the lungs


following a maximal inspiration.
 Called a capacity because it is the sum

of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal


volume and expiratory reserve volume.
 VC= IRV+TV+ERV = TLC - RV
Lung Capacities
 Functional Residual Capacity: FRC
 The volume of air remaining in the

lung at the end of a normal


expiration.
 Called a capacity because it equal

residual volume plus expiratory


reserve volume.
 FRC= RV+ERV
Lung Capacities
 Inspiratory Capacity: IC
 Maximum volume of air that can be inspired

from end expiratory position.


 Called a capacity because it is the sum of

tidal volume and inspiratory reserve


volume.
 This capacity is of less clinical significance

than the other three.


 IC= TV+IRV
Respiratory Diseases
 Restrictive Disease:
 Makes it more difficult to get air in to the lungs.

 They “restrict” inspiration.

 Decreased VC; Decreased TLC, RV, FRC

 Includes:

 Fibrosis

 Sarcoidosis

 Muscular diseases

 Chest wall deformities


Respiratory Diseases
 Obstructive Disease
 Make it more difficult to get air out of the

lungs.
 Decrease VC; Increased TLC, RV, and

FRC
 Includes:

 Emphysema

 Chronic bronchitis

 Asthma

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