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Chapter 4 - Timbering in Trenches

This document discusses different methods for timbering trenches to prevent collapse, including stay bracing, box sheeting, and vertical sheeting. It describes the materials used for sheeting, waling, and struts to support trench walls. Advantages of the sheeting, waling, and strut system include flexibility and ease of dismantling. Precautions for timbering trenches include testing materials and ensuring safety of the work area. The document also briefly outlines protective systems like shoring, shielding, sloping, and using sloped shields to support trench walls.

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Saurav Shrestha
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8K views17 pages

Chapter 4 - Timbering in Trenches

This document discusses different methods for timbering trenches to prevent collapse, including stay bracing, box sheeting, and vertical sheeting. It describes the materials used for sheeting, waling, and struts to support trench walls. Advantages of the sheeting, waling, and strut system include flexibility and ease of dismantling. Precautions for timbering trenches include testing materials and ensuring safety of the work area. The document also briefly outlines protective systems like shoring, shielding, sloping, and using sloped shields to support trench walls.

Uploaded by

Saurav Shrestha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Timbering in Trenches

Chapter - 4

Building Construction – I
Year I Part II

Lecturer : Bijay Tuladhar


Thapathali Campus
1
Temporary Construction:
 Formwork for excavation- Timbering of trenches
◦ This is the arrangement of timber planks in the trenches
to prevent collapsing of sides.

Methods (types)
Stay bracing: Only vertical board and strut are used. It
may be of single or double layer.
Box sheeting: Poling board (Wales) placed on sides of
trenches.
Vertical sheeting: Combination of above two methods.

Runners: Runners used in place of vertical sheeting.


Sheet piling: It is used to prevent soil to slip.
2
Sheeting, waling and
Struts
Materials available
Sheeting : timber boards, steel trench sheets 

Waling : timber, steel sections,


aluminum sections 

Struts : timber, steel struts(screw


type), hydraulic struts

3
Advantages of Sheeting, Waling, Strut Support
System

 convenient and versatile support system


 components cheap and easily obtained
 light and easily dismantled by operatives
 flexible to accommodate changes in trench
profile, local obstruction, crossing services and
construction features e.g. wider excavation for
manholes
 ensure safe working in all stages during hand
excavation
4
Disadvantages of Sheeting, Waling, Strut
Support System

The arrangement and spacing of struts and


waling which may require attention of more
competent site supervisors

Longer pipe lengths and/or plants installation


may be obstructed by the closely spaced struts
inside the trench of deeper depth in particular

5
Methods of timbering
Wale

Polling Vertical
board sheeting

Strut

Box sheeting
Stay bracing

6
Methods of timbering

Wale

Runne
r

Strut

Soil to
be
excavate
d

Vertical sheeting Runner system Sheet piling

7
Precautions in timbering of trenches

◦ Possibility of slip of earth


◦ Testing of timbering elements
◦ Safety of adjacent structure
◦ Traffic in the surrounding
◦ Provision of ladders
◦ Safety helmet
◦ Supervision
◦ First aid box
◦ Fencing and light

8
Protective Systems
Shoring
Shielding
Sloping
Slope and Shield
Shoring
 Shoring is the provision of a support system for
trench faces used to prevent movement of soil,
underground utilities, roadways, and
foundations.

 Shoring systems consist of posts, wales,


struts, and sheeting. Three basic types of
shoring are:
◦ Timber
◦ Hydraulic
◦ Pneumatic
Timber Shoring
Hydraulic Shoring
The trend today is toward the use of hydraulic shoring, a
prefabricated strut and/or wale system manufactured of
aluminum or steel.

Hydraulic shoring provides a critical safety advantage over


timber shoring because workers do not have to enter the
trench to install or remove hydraulic shoring.
Hydraulic Shoring
 Advantages of Hydraulic Shoring systems :

◦ light enough to be installed by one worker;


◦ gauge-regulated to ensure even distribution of pressure
along the trench line;
◦ can be adapted easily to various trench depths and
widths.
Pneumatic Shoring

 Pneumatic Shoring is similar to hydraulic shoring.


 The primary difference is that pneumatic shoring uses air
pressure in place of hydraulic pressure.
 A disadvantage to the use of pneumatic shoring is that an

air compressor must be on site.


Screw Jacks
 Screw Jack Systems differ from hydraulic and pneumatic
systems in that the struts of a screw jack system must be
adjusted manually.
 This creates a hazard because the worker is required to be
in the trench in order to adjust the strut.
 In addition, uniform "preloading" cannot be achieved with
screw jacks, and their weight creates handling difficulties.
Shielding
 Trench Boxes are different from shoring.

 Instead of shoring up or otherwise supporting the trench


face, they are intended primarily to shield workers from
cave-ins and similar incidents.
Sloping

Slope and
Shield

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