MODULE/

Name: _____________________________________ ACTIVITY

Section: ___________________Date: ____________

They are everywhere.. In your food…

In your house…EVEN IN YOU! What are they?
_________________________

At the end of the module, the learners will be able

to:
• explain the acid-base property of water;
• write the equilibrium constant expression for the
auto-ionization of water,
• describe how Bronsted acids and bases act in a
chemical reaction.
• define pH;
Apply! • relate pH and hydronium ion concentration;
Why do you need to • explain the importance of determining pH of
study about acids and solution;
bases? • calculate pH and pOH in aqueous solutions; and
____________________
• appreciate the importance of the knowledge of
____________________
____________________ pH on different natural systems.
____________________
____________________ Before You Read
____________________
____________________
Many acids and bases can be found in your
____________________ home. Describe one acid and one base that you
____________________ are familiar with. Record your answer in the
____________________ lines below.
____________________ ___________________________________________
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 MODULE/
ACTIVITY
CONNECTING TO YOUR WORLD

Acid rain can damage limestone statuary. This

statue of George Washington was first put outside
in New York City in 1944. During the next 58 years,
acid rain caused significant damage to the statue.

What are acids and bases?

 Many common pure substances can be
classified according to whether they are acids or Apply!
bases. Acids and bases are special kinds of Name 3 household
electrolytes. Like all electrolytes they break up acids:
into charged particles. ___________________
 What sets them apart from each other, and ___________________
other electrolytes is the way that they break up. ___________________
Name 3 laboratory
What are Acids? acids:
 An acid is a solution that has an excess of ___________________
Hydrogen (H+ ions). ___________________
 Substances that donate hydrogen ions, H+, to ___________________
form hydronium ions, H3O+, when dissolved in
water.

? Check this!
When will a substance
become more acidic?
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
H+ is an abbreviation for the hydronium ion. H+ ____________________
ions DO NOT exist in water solution but are ____________________
snatched up by water molecules to form
hydronium ions. H3O+ (aka H+)
 MODULE/
ACTIVITY
CONNECTING TO YOUR WORLD

Bracken Cave, near San Antonio, Texas, is home to

twenty to forty million bats. Visitors to the cave
must protect themselves from the dangerous
levels of ammonia in the cave. Ammonia is a
byproduct of the bats’ urine.

Apply!
Why are high levels of ammonia harmful to you? Apply!
__________________________________________ Name 3 household
__________________________________________ bases:
__________________________________________ ___________________
__________________________________________ ___________________
__________________________________________ ___________________
__________________________________________ Name 3 laboratory
__________________________________________ bases:
__________________________________________ ___________________
___________________
What are Bases? ___________________
 A base is a solution that has an excess of OH-
ions.
 Another word for base is alkali.
 Substances that form hydroxide ions (OH-) ions
when in water, or accept H+ ions

? Check this!
When will a substance
become more basic?
____________________
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 MODULE/
ACTIVITY
What are the properties of acids and bases?
Some of the properties of acids and bases are compared in the
table below.

Apply!

? Check this!

If were to add one property for an acid, what would it be and

why?
______________________________________________________
Apply! ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 MODULE/
ACTIVITY
? Check this!
Compare and contrast acids and bases by completing the following table.
 MODULE/
ACTIVITY
CONNECTING TO YOUR WORLD

Hydrangeas are flowers which changes color in

connection to the level of acidity of a soil.
Hydrangeas will be pink if grown in a basic soil and
blue when grown in an acidic one.

What is pH? Apply!

Testing the pH of a
solution is a way of Name 3 household or
measuring its natural pH indicator:
concentration of ___________________
hydrogen ions, H+ ___________________
(aq). The pH scale is ___________________
a number scale that Name 3 laboratory or
indicates how acidic chemical pH indicator:
or basic a solution ___________________
is. Acids have a pH ___________________
below 7 and bases ___________________
have a pH above 7.
Neutral solutions
have a pH of 7. A
change of 1 pH unit
represents a tenfold
change
acidity
in
of
the
the ? Check this!
solution. (X 10)
What is the pH value of
For example, if one neutral materials?
solution has a pH of ____________________
1 and a second ____________________
solution has a pH of ____________________
2, the first solution ____________________
is not twice as ____________________
acidic as the second ____________________
—it is ten times ____________________
more acidic. ____________________
 MODULE/
What are pH indicators? ACTIVITY
 pH indicators are chemicals that change colour
depending on the pH of a solution.
 Litmus paper can determine whether a Apply!
solution is acidic or basic. Blue litmus paper
turns red in an acidic solution (below pH 7). Name 3 household or
Red litmus paper changes to blue in a basic natural pH indicator:
solution (above pH 7) ___________________
 A universal indicator contains a number of ___________________
indicators that turn different colours ___________________
depending on the pH of the solution. Name 3 laboratory or
 Phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue, indigo chemical pH indicator:
carmine, methyl orange, and methyl red are ___________________
other common pH indicators. Each determines ___________________
pH within a different range. ___________________

A digital pH meter or pH computer probe that

measures the electrical properties of a solution can
also be used to determine pH. ? Check this!
What is the pH value of
neutral materials?
____________________
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____________________
What are some common acids and bases?
What makes the litmus
paper as the most
common pH indicator?
____________________
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 MODULE/

? Check this!
ACTIVITY

pH scale and pH indicators

1. Define the following terms:
(a) pH indicator ___________________________________________________
(b) pH scale ______________________________________________________

Complete the following tables by using the two figures. Identify whether the
substance is an acid or a base and indicate what colour the pH indicator will turn.