Norovirus
Norovirus
Skyler Kenny
“…Very contagious virus that causes vomiting and
diarrhea…” (CDC, 2018)
REST
Disease Genius 5 genogroups- GI-
Identification: Caliciviridae,
Family Norovirus
GV (GI,GII,GIV)
(CDC, 2011)
Basic Biology
Single-stranded,
Positive-sense Non-enveloped
RNA virus (microchemlab,
(microchemlab, n.d.)
n.d.)
Disease Identification: Life Cycle
Identification:
Transmission
Person Factors:
Who?
Everyone is at risk for contracting
Norovirus
High risk populations (CDC, 2010):
Elderly
Young children
Immune compromised
Institutions with higher than
average direct contact (CDC, 2010)
Daycares
Hospitals
Schools
Person Factors: Behavioral Risk Factors
Florida 124
California 230
New York 906
Texas 141
Virginia 1161 (Highest)
Idaho, South Dakota, Arkansas,
and Oklahoma <10
(NORS)
Time Factors:
Month
(2012-2017)
Increased education
Schools
Low-income housing facilities
Hospitals
Implementation of better sanitization procedures in daycares, elderly care facilities, etc.
Tighter regulations on food-handling procedures
Government involvement
Implementations of educational programs
Provide access to basic cleaning supplies for low income families
Encouraging healthier food choices
Wikswo, Mary E., et al. “Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Transmitted by Person-to-Person
Contact, Environmental Contamination, and Unknown Modes of Transmission -- United
States, 2009-2013.” MMWR Surveillance Summaries, vol. 64, no. 12, Dec. 2015, pp. 1–
16. EBSCOhost, doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6412a1.
Infection, Norovirus. “Norovirus Infection.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, 17 Nov. 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/norovirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20355296.
Responding. “Responding to Norovirus Outbreaks.” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018,
www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks/responding.html.
Information, General. “General Information about Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 Dec. 2010,
www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/norovirus.html.
References Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 25 Nov. 2019, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/symptoms.html.
Norivirus Disease. “Norovirus Disease in the United States - Volume 19, Number 8-August
2013 - Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/8/13-
0465_article. Accessed 12/9/2019.
Thorne, Lucy G, and Ian G Goodfellow. “Norovirus Gene Expression and Replication.”
Microbiology Society, 1 Feb. 2014,
www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.059634-
0;jsessionid=QarAoGVq28Wsc4RIGvLG2uxG.mbslive-10-240-10-123.
Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 25 Nov. 2019, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/transmission.html.
Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Baylor College of Medicine, www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-
virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/norovirus. Accessed 12/9/2019.
Updated Norovirus. “Updated Norovirus Outbreak Management and Disease Prevention
Guidelines.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6003a1.htm. Accessed 12/9/2019.
Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Porto, microchemlab.com/microorganisms/norovirus. Accessed
12/10/2019.
Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/index.html.
“Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM).” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 6
Feb. 2018,
References
www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/companion-animal-hospital/cardiology/canine-dilated-cardiomyo
pathy-dcm
.
SNAP. “What Can SNAP Buy?” USDA, www.fns.usda.gov/snap/eligible-food-items. Accessed
12/9/2019
Continued Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks/burden-US.html.
Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks/worldwide.html.
NORS. “National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS).” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Dec. 2018,
wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard/.
Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 25 Nov. 2019, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/treatment.html.
Infection, Norovirus. “Norovirus Infection.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, 17 Nov. 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/norovirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355302.