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Norovirus

Norovirus, also known as the stomach flu, is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. It affects people of all ages and is transmitted through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or contact with infected individuals. Symptoms develop within 12-48 hours and include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, and other symptoms like fever and body aches. There is no treatment other than rest and ensuring proper hydration. It is responsible for around 20 million illnesses in the United States each year.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
222 views16 pages

Norovirus

Norovirus, also known as the stomach flu, is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. It affects people of all ages and is transmitted through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or contact with infected individuals. Symptoms develop within 12-48 hours and include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, and other symptoms like fever and body aches. There is no treatment other than rest and ensuring proper hydration. It is responsible for around 20 million illnesses in the United States each year.

Uploaded by

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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Norovirus

Skyler Kenny
“…Very contagious virus that causes vomiting and
diarrhea…” (CDC, 2018)

Disease AKA the stomach flu or the stomach bug


Identification:
What is Affects people of all ages

Norovirus? Very contagious

The CDC defines an outbreak of Norovirus as:


• Two or more similar instances of illness that resulted from a common
exposure that is either thought to be or confirmed to be caused by
Norovirus. (CDC, 2018)
Disease
Identification:
Symptoms + Rates

 Develops in about 12-48 hours


(CDC, 2019)
 Diarrhea
 Vomiting (Dehydration)
 Nausea
 Stomach pain
 Other: fever, headache, and
body aches
 570-800 deaths/year (CDC, 2013)
 19-21 million total illnesses/year
(CDC, 2013)
According to the CDC, there is no real
Disease medical treatment for norovirus.
Identification: Recommended to drink plenty of water to
Treatment prevent dehydration.

Possibly take antidiarrheal if under the age


of 65.

REST
Disease Genius 5 genogroups- GI-

Identification: Caliciviridae,
Family Norovirus
GV (GI,GII,GIV)
(CDC, 2011)

Basic Biology
Single-stranded,
Positive-sense Non-enveloped
RNA virus (microchemlab,
(microchemlab, n.d.)
n.d.)
Disease Identification: Life Cycle

 The receptors attach to the surface of the cell


 Entry
 Uncoating
 The viral DNA is then replicated
 Virion is assembled
 Virus Exits the cell
(Goodfellow, 2014)
 Spread through contaminated food, water, surfaces, and other sick people
 Human feces/vomit
 Natural reservoir: Humans
Disease (CDC) (NORS)

Identification:
Transmission
Person Factors:
Who?
 Everyone is at risk for contracting
Norovirus
 High risk populations (CDC, 2010):
 Elderly
 Young children
 Immune compromised
 Institutions with higher than
average direct contact (CDC, 2010)
 Daycares
 Hospitals
 Schools
Person Factors: Behavioral Risk Factors

 Taking care of an infected person


 Living or staying in close quarters
 Attending daycare
 Eating at an establishment that doesn’t follow proper food handling
procedures
(Mayo Clinic, 2017)
 Not properly washing hands before touching face or handling food
 Not properly disinfecting surfaces
Person Factors:  Left: Shows the percentage males and females
 Right: Shows the percentage by age group
Rates (Wikswo, 2015)
Place Factors:
Number of Outbreaks
from 2012-2017

 Florida 124
 California 230
 New York 906
 Texas 141
 Virginia 1161 (Highest)
 Idaho, South Dakota, Arkansas,
and Oklahoma <10
(NORS)
Time Factors:
Month
(2012-2017)

 Always present with in the


population
 Most common in the winter
months
 Less seasonal in regions closer to
the equator
(CDC)(NORS)
Time Factors:
Year
(1998-2017)

 Rapid incline starting in 2008


(NORS)
Risk Management

 Increased education
 Schools
 Low-income housing facilities
 Hospitals
 Implementation of better sanitization procedures in daycares, elderly care facilities, etc.
 Tighter regulations on food-handling procedures
 Government involvement
 Implementations of educational programs
 Provide access to basic cleaning supplies for low income families
 Encouraging healthier food choices
 Wikswo, Mary E., et al. “Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Transmitted by Person-to-Person
Contact, Environmental Contamination, and Unknown Modes of Transmission -- United
States, 2009-2013.” MMWR Surveillance Summaries, vol. 64, no. 12, Dec. 2015, pp. 1–
16. EBSCOhost, doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6412a1.
 Infection, Norovirus. “Norovirus Infection.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, 17 Nov. 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/norovirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20355296.
 Responding. “Responding to Norovirus Outbreaks.” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018,
www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks/responding.html.
 Information, General. “General Information about Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 Dec. 2010,
www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/norovirus.html.

References  Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 25 Nov. 2019, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/symptoms.html.
 Norivirus Disease. “Norovirus Disease in the United States - Volume 19, Number 8-August
2013 - Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/8/13-
0465_article. Accessed 12/9/2019.
 Thorne, Lucy G, and Ian G Goodfellow. “Norovirus Gene Expression and Replication.”
Microbiology Society, 1 Feb. 2014,
www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.059634-
0;jsessionid=QarAoGVq28Wsc4RIGvLG2uxG.mbslive-10-240-10-123.
 Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 25 Nov. 2019, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/transmission.html.
 Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Baylor College of Medicine, www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-
virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/norovirus. Accessed 12/9/2019.
 Updated Norovirus. “Updated Norovirus Outbreak Management and Disease Prevention
Guidelines.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6003a1.htm. Accessed 12/9/2019.
 Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Porto, microchemlab.com/microorganisms/norovirus. Accessed
12/10/2019.
 Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/index.html.
 “Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM).” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 6
Feb. 2018,

References
www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/companion-animal-hospital/cardiology/canine-dilated-cardiomyo
pathy-dcm
.
 SNAP. “What Can SNAP Buy?” USDA, www.fns.usda.gov/snap/eligible-food-items. Accessed
12/9/2019

Continued  Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks/burden-US.html.
 Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1 June 2018, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks/worldwide.html.
 NORS. “National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS).” Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Dec. 2018,
wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard/.
 Norovirus. “Norovirus.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 25 Nov. 2019, www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/treatment.html.
 Infection, Norovirus. “Norovirus Infection.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, 17 Nov. 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/norovirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355302.

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