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Elective

Rammed earth is a building technique that involves compacting moistened soil into formwork to form solid walls. The ideal soil mixture for rammed earth consists of clay, sand, and gravel up to 3cm in size, with the clay acting as a binder. Rammed earth walls can resist weathering for a long time if properly constructed and have advantages such as good thermal insulation, natural soundproofing, and being economical to build. Other common earth building techniques include adobe, wattle and daub, and cob.

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206 views12 pages

Elective

Rammed earth is a building technique that involves compacting moistened soil into formwork to form solid walls. The ideal soil mixture for rammed earth consists of clay, sand, and gravel up to 3cm in size, with the clay acting as a binder. Rammed earth walls can resist weathering for a long time if properly constructed and have advantages such as good thermal insulation, natural soundproofing, and being economical to build. Other common earth building techniques include adobe, wattle and daub, and cob.

Uploaded by

ayoushika abrol
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION

EARTH
A mixture of earth consisting of the right amount of sand, gravel and clay is
poured into a mould or formwork. This earth mixture is rammed until it
becomes rock solid. When properly constructed, rammed earth walls can
resist the various onslaughts of nature for a very long time. he ideal soil
mixture for rammed earth consists of clay, sand and gravel up to a size of
3cm. Sand and gravel provide the structural strength whereas clay is the glue
which holds the mixture together. It is easy to understand if we compare it
with the human body where the bones keep us straight and upright and all
ligaments, tissues and muscles connect the bones and keep them in place.
Cement replaced the function of the clay as the glue in modern age. Almost
every soil is suitable for rammed earth. The aim is to use local soil for the
mixture. There is no existing fixed formula for the mixture since soil differs
from one place to another. Every type of soil has to be analyzed, and sand
and gravel added according to its clay content.
Besides this earth building technique, there are other common methods like
adobe (earth bricks), wattle and daub (wood or bamboo grids plastered with
earth), and cob (a mixture of earth, straw or any natural fiber, and sand).
Each location or project requires its own technique. In other words, there is
an ideal earth technique for every situation.
The four main techniques, traditionally used
around the world for building with earth are
'pisé' or rammed-earth, 'daub', 'adobe' and
'cob'. 'adobe', rammed-earth and
compressed earth blocks are the most
widespread earth construction techniques used
today.

DAUB TECHNIQUE

RAMMED – EARTH TECHNIQUE ADOBE TECHNIQUE COB TECHNIQUE


Advantages of Earth Rammed Houses
• Thermal Qualities:
Rammed earth has excellent thermal qualities. It heats up slowly during the day and releases heat during the
evening
• Natural Soundproofing:
The thickness and density of the walls lead to natural soundproofing.
• Virtually Fireproof:
The properties of earth rammed walls do not conduct fire easily in comparison to other typical construction materials such as
wood.
• Economically Viable:
Earth rammed houses are relatively cost-efficient to build due to the materials being cheap to buy.
• Energy Efficient:
The heat retention qualities previously mentioned makes for earth rammed houses to be energy efficient saving you money
on your utility bills.
• Breathable Walls:
Allows more air exchange than concrete structures, as the materials allow the building to breathe. This avoids condensation
issues without significant heat loss
• Resistant to Termites:
Another advantageous property of earth rammed walls is that they are resistant to termites.
• Earthquake Resistance
Can be used to build and design earthquake-resistant buildings due to their compactness.
Disadvantages of Earth Rammed Houses
• Not a Good Insulator:
Not a good insulator as rammed earth often requires insulation in colder climates. In this case, it is similar to brick and
concrete buildings.
• Overhanging Roof Needed
Can be used in wetter climates but must be protected from heavy rain by an overhanging roof.
INTRODUCTION
FLY ASH
Fly ash produced from the burning of younger
lignite or subbituminous coal, in addition to
having pozzolanic properties, also has some
self-cementing properties. In the presence of
water, Class C fly ash will harden and gain
strength over time. Class C fly ash generally
contains more than 20% lime (CaO). SECTION SITE WORK

MINERALS
FLY ASH BRICKS
BAMBOO
It is widely used for many forms
of construction, in particular for housing
in rural areas. Bamboo is a renewable
and versatile resource, characterised by
high strength and low weight, and is
easily worked using simple tools.

WALL TYPES BAMBOO NODES BAMBOO FOOTING


THATCH
Thatching is the craft of building
a roof with dry vegetation such as straw,
water reed, sedge, rushes, heather,
or palm branches, layering the vegetation
so as to shed water away from the inner
roof. Since the bulk of the vegetation
stays dry and is densely packed—
trapping air—thatching also functions as
insulation. It is a very old roofing method
and has been used in
both tropical and temperate climates.
Thatch is still employed by builders in
developing countries, usually with low-
cost local vegetation. By contrast, in
some developed countries it is the choice
of some affluent people who desire a
rustic look for their home, would like a
more ecologically friendly roof, or who
have purchased an originally thatched
abode.
FERRO CEMENT
Ferrocement or ferro-cement is a system
of construction using reinforced mortar or
plaster (lime or cement, sand and water)
applied over an "armature" of metal mesh,
woven expanded-metal or metal-fibers and
closely spaced thin steel rods such as
rebar. The metal commonly used is iron or
some type of steel.

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