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Lecture # 3 Properties of SW

The document discusses the properties of solid waste, including its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Some key points: - The physical properties discussed include composition, particle size, density, moisture content, and energy content. - The chemical properties analyzed are the chemical composition (ultimate and proximate analysis), which helps determine the appropriate processing and recovery methods. - Tables provide data on the typical composition and ultimate analysis of municipal solid waste. - The document works through calculations to determine the chemical composition and normalized mole ratios of a waste sample, both with and without water content. - Formulas are provided to estimate the energy content of municipal solid waste based on its carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

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83 views30 pages

Lecture # 3 Properties of SW

The document discusses the properties of solid waste, including its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Some key points: - The physical properties discussed include composition, particle size, density, moisture content, and energy content. - The chemical properties analyzed are the chemical composition (ultimate and proximate analysis), which helps determine the appropriate processing and recovery methods. - Tables provide data on the typical composition and ultimate analysis of municipal solid waste. - The document works through calculations to determine the chemical composition and normalized mole ratios of a waste sample, both with and without water content. - Formulas are provided to estimate the energy content of municipal solid waste based on its carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

Uploaded by

haseeb tahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Properties of Solid Waste

Lecture # 3

By: Dr. Mehwish Anis


Properties of SW

• Composition • Chemical • Biodegradability


• Particle size and Composition
distribution (Ultimate Analysis)
• Density • Proximate Analysis
• Moisture Content • Fusing Point of Ash
• Field Capacity • Energy Content
(Calorific Value)
Biologica
Physical Chemical
l
Chemical Properties

• Determination of approximate chemical


Chemical formula
Composition • Evaluation of alternative processing and
recovery facilities
Table 1:Ultimate Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste
Problem Statement

Determine the chemical


composition of the organic
fraction of the waste described in
Table 2, with and without sulfur
and with and without water.
Table 2. Composition of Solid Waste

Component Wet Weight, kg Percent MC


Food Wastes 9 70
Paper 34 6
Cardboard 6 5
Plastics 7 1
Textiles 2 10
Rubber 0.5 0
Leather 0.5 20
Yard wastes 18.5 65
Wood 2 20
Inorganic 20.5 3
Table 3. General Composition of Solid Waste

Component Wet Weight Dry Weight Composition


kg kg C H O N S Ash
Food Waste 9.0 2.7 1.30 0.17 1.02 0.07 0.01 0.14
Paper 34.0 32.0 13.90 1.92 14.06 0.10 0.06 1.92
Cardboard 6.0 5.7 2.51 0.34 2.54 0.02 0.01 0.29
Plastic 7.0 6.9 4.16 0.50 1.58 0.00 0.00 0.69
Textiles 2.0 1.8 0.99 0.12 0.56 0.08 0.00 0.05
Rubber 0.5 0.5 0.39 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05
Leather 0.5 0.4 0.24 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.04
Yard Wastes 18.5 6.5 3.10 0.39 2.46 0.22 0.02 0.29
Wood 2.0 1.6 0.79 0.10 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.02
TOTAL 79.5 58.1 27.37 3.61 22.95 0.54 0.11 3.48
Step 2. Calculate the weight of H and O in
water
• From Table 3 we see that dry waste has a weight of 58.1 kg, and
that as- discarded-waste has a weight of 79.5 kg.

• We then subtract the weight of the dry waste from the weight of
the saturated waste to give us the weight of the water in the waste.

79.5 kg - 58.1 kg = 21.4 kg H2O


Step 2: Continued

We now want to determine how much hydrogen


and oxygen kg there are in the waste sample due
to water. We do this by using the equation:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ¿
 

[ 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 ¿ ]
𝑥𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑤𝑡 ¿
Step 2: Continued

  21.4 𝑘𝑔
[ 18 𝑘𝑔 ]
∗ 2=2.38 𝑘𝑔 𝐻

Similarly for Oxygen:


  21.4 𝑘𝑔
[ 1 8 𝑘𝑔 ]
∗ 16=19.02 𝑘𝑔 𝑂
Step 2: Continued
The amount of Hydrogen and Oxygen should be added
to the H and O in the waste when we are calculating
chemical composition with water.
Table 4. Percentage Distribution of the Elements with
and without Water

Element kg, w/o Water* kg, w/ Water


Carbon 27.37 27.37
Hydrogen 3.61 5.99
Oxygen 22.95 42.00
Nitrogen 0.54 0.54
Sulfur 0.11 0.11
Ash 3.48 3.48
Step 3: Determine Molar Composition of the
Elements, Neglecting Ash

Element Atomic wt Moles Moles


W/O Water W/ Water
Carbon 12.01 2.279 2.279
Hydrogen 1.01 3.575 5.933
Oxygen 16.00 1.434 2.625
Nitrogen 14.01 0.038 0.038
Sulfur 32.07 0.003 0.003
Normalized Mole Ratios

Mole Ratio - (Nitrogen = 1) Mole Ratio - (Sulfur=1)


Element W/O Water W/ Water W/O Water W/ Water
Carbon 59.2 59.2 655.8 655.8
Hydrogen 92.9 154.1 1028.8 1707.4
Oxygen 37.3 68.2 412.8 755.5
Nitrogen 1.0 1.0 11.1 11.1
Sulfur 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.0
Summary of Results

The chemical The chemical


formulas without formulas with
sulfur are: sulfur are:

Without water: Without water:


C59H93O37N C656H1029O413N11S

With water: With water:


C59H154O68N C656H1707O756N11S
On Your Own Problem

Calculate the chemical composition


of a typical yard waste with and
without water (based on N and S)

Hint: Assume 100 kg of waste, 40 %


Moisture Content
Energy Content of MSW
Dulongs Formula
Heating Value (Btu/lb) = 145C + 610(H2 – 1/8O2)+40S+10N
Heating Value (KJ/kg) = 337C + 1419(H2 – 0.125O2) + 93S + 23N
where
C = carbon, percent
H = hydrogen, percent
O = oxygen, percent
S = sulphur, percent
Estimation of Energy Content of Residential
MSW

• Determine the energy value of typical residential


MSW with the average composition determined
previously including sulfur and water.
Biological Properties of MSW
Thank You

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