Scribd
Upload
937 views24 pages

Epidemology of Malocclusion PPT DP

This document discusses the epidemiology of malocclusion. It notes that epidemiological studies are important for health planning and evaluating prevention programs, but that earlier studies focused more on dental caries and periodontal disease than malocclusion. The document reviews several classification systems used to measure malocclusion prevalence around the world. It finds prevalence varies significantly based on location, ethnicity, and measurement criteria used. The document concludes by reviewing several Indian studies measuring malocclusion prevalence and treatment need using indices like IOTN and DAI.

Uploaded by

Dharampal Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
937 views24 pages

Epidemology of Malocclusion PPT DP

This document discusses the epidemiology of malocclusion. It notes that epidemiological studies are important for health planning and evaluating prevention programs, but that earlier studies focused more on dental caries and periodontal disease than malocclusion. The document reviews several classification systems used to measure malocclusion prevalence around the world. It finds prevalence varies significantly based on location, ethnicity, and measurement criteria used. The document concludes by reviewing several Indian studies measuring malocclusion prevalence and treatment need using indices like IOTN and DAI.

Uploaded by

Dharampal Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Epidemology of malocclusion

Need ?
• Epidemology is important for planning health
programmes for polpulation and to know what
are health care need in a polulation
• They are also important in evaluating efficacy of
the preventive and thereputic measures
• earlier surveys on dental diseases were mainly
focused on dental caries and periodontal
disease while malocclusion received
comparatively much less attention.
• The reasons could be a lack of the uniform criteria in
recording the malocclusion which is not a disease
but a variation of the normal morphology
• large spectrum of its presentation in several traits
and difficulties in assessment of the REAL treatment
needs superimposed with the social and ethnic
curtains.
• However lately, much information on malocclusion
and treatment needs is being made available from
around the world
• India is struggling to eradicate many medical and dental diseases.
The main reason behind this is an inadequate implementation of
preventive oral health care programmes which need a sound base
of epidemiological data.

• Facial appearance ---low self esteem ----- negative self image-----


career advancement and peer-group acceptance.
• In order to prevent a wide-spread impact on their psychological
development
• children having very severe or handicapping malocclusion should
be identified and corrective measures should be instituted at the
earliest
• Angle was first to conduct epidemological
surveyd on malocclusion
• Screen 1000 students in school of mossurie
• Class 1 69
• Class 2 19
• Class 3 3.4
Drawback of angles system

• Angles system is most commonly used in


epidemological surveys
• it does not reveal the severity of the malocclusion
• not consider the patient’s profile and also the
skeletal relationship.
• Inter examiner differences are high
• Still used in most epidemological surveys
Methods of measuring malocclusion

• Angle stallard
• Mc calls
• Sclare
• Fisk
• Bjork et al
• Proffit and ackerman
• WHO FDI
• Kinaan and bruke
Bjork et al criteria
• Did objective registration of malocclusions
based on detailed definitions and computer
analysed data is used
• 3 parts
• 1 anomalies in dentition
• Occlusal anomalies …. Betn jaws segital,
vertical, transverse
• Space problems……crowding, spacing
WHO/FDI 1979
• This method was based on byork method.,
• Many amendments and corrections were done by FDI and
WHO groups
• Dentofacial anomalies assesment form was made and was
used In 1979 oral health survey
• Acessing tools were symplified and detailed .
Dental exam…..missing teeth, malformed teeth ,
supernumerary, trauma , extn
Inter arch examination…….molar relation, post crossbite, ant
cross bite , overjet, overbite , open bite deep bite
Intra arch…………crowding , spacing, midline diestema, etc
Reason for large variation in prevalence
• Lack of uniform criteria
• Faulty technique
• Error in examination and data recording
• Not proper sample size which represent the population….specially in
children
• In child occlusion is constantly changing with growth so late mixed
dentition or early permanent dentition time should be considered
10..12 years of age
• Ethnic variation
• Sex differences
• Intra examiner variation
• Inter examiner errors
Criteria to record proper malocclusion

• Age 10 plus…..late mixed or early permanent


• Proper sample size which should represent the
target population
• Specify area/location
• Specify survayor
• Specify criteria and method of registration
Sample size

• It should represent its parent population


• n= 4pq/l
p ..prevalence from previous studies
q..100-p
l.. allowable error
n ….required sample
Ethnic trends in malocclusion
• Whites 34 > black 18
• Urban > rural

• Race factor
negros……………………………class 1 bimax
causcasians USA…………….class 2
Mangoloid of japan china
Korea,taiwan …………………………class 3

Class 2 malocclusion
danish child……….31%
johansberg 8%
kenya……………………..11%
saudi arab…………………….16%
delhi………………………………14%
Prevelence around the world

• America and canada proffit

national health and nutrition estimates survey 3 (1989 )


14000 subjects
8 to 50 yrs. subjects
8..17 yrs. 70% had malocclusion
50 to 55…..class 1
15% class 2
1% class 3
more than 50% children had crowding in max/ mandible or both

Division of health examination statistics 1977


25 states 40 location 7514 school children examined
nutrocclusion 54% w 62% black
distocclusion 34% w 18% black
mesiocclusion 14%

crossbite…………..12%
highky desirable treatment 12%

mandatory treatment 16%


• Canada
payette and plante
quebec school children
TPI ( orthodontic treatment priority index
1201 child
32 % has class 2….18% .5mm overjet
13 % treatment mandatory

Harris and davis


61% of british colombia children had malocclusion

South america
survey of 4724 child 5 to 17 yrs
dental health services bagota colombia
TON indes and byork method used
88% had some form of dental anomaly

3% urgent need
20% great need
35 % moderate need
30 % little need
• Europe
• 80% childern had some form of occlusal
anomaly
• Class 2 prevelence higher in europe
• danish childs…..31%
• hungary childs …..47 %
europeans has higher class 2 than arabia africa
and india
Africa
• More of class 1 malocclusion types found 72%
Kenya nigeria tanzania
Class 2 ……8%
class 2 is very less as compared to europeans

china

67 % prevelence
Highhe rclass 3 tendency than europeans
50% showed crowding
Prevelence in india
• Prevelence 20 to 43 %
• Urban >rural
• Female > male
• Class1 >class 2> class 3
• Class 2 more in north ( delhi haryana 10-15 %) less in south india ( bangalore ,trivendram 5%)
• Class 1 bimax is more in south india han north

• Class 1
66.7% rajasthan ,, 49% bangalore

Class 2
1.9% rajasthan
4-6% bangalore
14% delhi

Class 3
1-4% rajasthan
0.3 to 6% bangalore
• Tiruvanant puram prevelence 49% 12.15 yrs
class 1….44%
class 2…..4.7%
class 3…..0.3%
Phaphe at al…bangalore 12-14 yrs
class 1……17%
class 2……30.1 %
class 3…..1.6%
Prabhakar et al chennai
class 1…….21.8%
class 2 div 1…..27.7%
div 2….9.5%
class 3 …..4.5
Kharbanda delhi 10to 13
class 1…….26
class2……..15
class 3…….3.5
haryana total prevelance 55%
Malocclusion in tribes

• Mandu village tribe study in central india


study
• Show 85% child free from malocclusion
• Prevelence of only 14%
• 10.5% had only mild malocclusion
• 3% moderate to severe malocclusion
• 0.2% only needed treatment
Quantification of malocclusion
• Indices are developed and assessed by experts

• Byork et al
• HMAR…..handicaping malocclusion assessment records
• Swe NBH swedish national board of health
• IOTN index of orthodontic treatment needs uk
• NorHS norweign health service
• MSI malocclusion severity index
• DAI dental aesthetics index
• ICON index of complexity outcome and needs
• Six studies assessed orthodontic treatment
needs in india
• 2 used IOTN
• 4 used DAI
• Chauhan…..hillystates….12.5
• Damle …..haryana….23.6% anomaly
15,5,3.4
Sandhya et al udaipur 33% need

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy