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Fatigue

Fatigue is the damage accumulated through repeated cyclic loading and unloading. It is influenced by factors like the type and amplitude of stress, surface finish, material properties, and environment. Fatigue life is reduced by higher stress amplitudes and mean stresses. The Goodman diagram and S-N curves show how mean stress and stress amplitude affect fatigue life. Miner's rule allows estimation of fatigue damage from variable amplitude loading based on the number of cycles at each stress range. Fatigue tests involve cyclic loading of specimens in tension, compression, bending or other patterns to determine fatigue properties.

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148 views10 pages

Fatigue

Fatigue is the damage accumulated through repeated cyclic loading and unloading. It is influenced by factors like the type and amplitude of stress, surface finish, material properties, and environment. Fatigue life is reduced by higher stress amplitudes and mean stresses. The Goodman diagram and S-N curves show how mean stress and stress amplitude affect fatigue life. Miner's rule allows estimation of fatigue damage from variable amplitude loading based on the number of cycles at each stress range. Fatigue tests involve cyclic loading of specimens in tension, compression, bending or other patterns to determine fatigue properties.

Uploaded by

AvinashRai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fatigue

Definition: Damage accumulated through the


application of repeated stress cycles

Variable amplitude loadings cause different


levels of fatigue

Fatigue is cumulative through the life of an


engineering element
Factors Affecting Fatigue Life
Loading Conditions
 Type of stress
 Stress amplitude, mean value
Condition of Specimen/Structural Member
 Stress concentrations
 Surface finish
Material
 Thermal history (e.g. grain size in metals)
Environmental conditions
 Temperature
 Corrosion effects
Loading Characteristics
Effect of Mean Stresses

ult
a a
m>0
m=0

No mean stress Mean Stresses


reduce the stress
range
Stress Amplitude vs. Mean
Goodman Relationship: lower the mean
stresses, the greater the allowable
stress amplitude for the same life.

a a m
 1
f  f u

u m
Example: Goodman Diagram
If f=u/2, m=u/2,
What is the max and min  that can be applied?

a

u/2f min= u/4 max= 3u/4

u/4f

u m
u/2m
Stress vs. Number of Cycles
S-N Diagram

Lower mean stress


Miner’s Rule
Damage from variable loadings is related to the life
consumed by number of cycles at each particular
STRESS RANGE. The summation of life consumed at
each stress range must be less than 1 to avoid
failure.

where: ni/Nfi  1
ni = number of repetitions applied at i
Nfi = number of repetitions to cause failure at a stress
range, i
(ni < Nfi)
Example problem - Miner’s Rule
Stress Range, No. Applied No. Cycles to
i (ksi) Cycles, Ni Failure,Nfi

3 900 10,000
5 50 500

Ni/Nfi = 900/10,000 + 50/500 


= 0.09 + 0.10
= 0.19 5
0.19 < 1.0  OK 3
Used 19% of fatigue life,
81% remains Log N
500 10,000
Fatigue tests
1. Beam Fatigue 2. Tension- Compression

V
3. Others

M Loading Patterns:
1. Reverse stresses, + to -
M 2. Alternate zero to some maximum
2c
3. Alternate above some base value
max = Mc/I

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