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VOIP

This document provides an overview of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) including what VoIP is, how it works, common protocols used, and benefits compared to traditional PSTN telephone systems. Specifically, it discusses how analog audio is converted to digital format and transmitted over IP networks using protocols like SIP for signaling and RTP for media transport. It also categorizes different types of VoIP implementations from private to enterprise to carrier-grade and lists reasons for adopting VoIP like cost reduction, operational improvements, and enabling new integrated services.

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225 views34 pages

VOIP

This document provides an overview of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) including what VoIP is, how it works, common protocols used, and benefits compared to traditional PSTN telephone systems. Specifically, it discusses how analog audio is converted to digital format and transmitted over IP networks using protocols like SIP for signaling and RTP for media transport. It also categorizes different types of VoIP implementations from private to enterprise to carrier-grade and lists reasons for adopting VoIP like cost reduction, operational improvements, and enabling new integrated services.

Uploaded by

grem agpoon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol


Course Overview
 What is VoIP?
 Toll ByPass
 Control Protocols
 MGCP
 H323
 SIP in detail
What is Voice over IP
 The packetization and transport of
classic public switched telephone
system audio over an IP network.

 The analog audio stream is encoding


in a digital format, with possible
compression, and encapsulating it in
IP for transport over your LAN / WAN
or the public internet.
Categories of VoIP
 Private and Desktop: Skype, Microsoft Netmeeting,
ohphone, gphone, Asterisk*, Marratech, etc.

 Enterprise : Small IP phone deployments, IP PBX,


Cisco Callmanager.

 ISP/Carrier : Toll Bypass services, VOIP wholesale,


using equipment by vendors such as Cisco, Lucent,
Avaya, etc.

 Telco Grade : Local service, Last mile delivery, total


phone services, high dependability and availability.
Why VoIP?
 Cost Reduction
- Toll By-pass
- WAN Cost Reduction

 Operational Improvement
- Common Network Infrastructure
- Simplification of Routing Administration

 Business Tool Integration


- Voice Mail, Email and Fax Integration
- Web + Call
- Mobility using IP

 New Services
- New Integrated Applications
How does it work?
 VoIP is not a protocol.

 VoIP is a collection of protocols and devices that


allow for the encoding, transport and routing of
audio calls over IP networks.

 PSTN >> VoIP >> PSTN

 Native VoIP >> PSTN

 Native VoIP >> Native VoIP


How does it work?
How does it work?
Convergence
 Cost Savings
- One backbone instead of two parallel ones.
- No maintenance of proprietary switching systems.
- Significant capital equipment cost reduction.

 Simplification
- One infrastructure
- Multivendor capable

 Advance Services
- Unified Messaging
- Computer telephony integration
Components of VoIP
 Coding and Decoding of Analog Voice
- Analog to digital and digital to analog conversion.
- Compression

 Signaling
- Call setup and tear down
- Resource and coding negotiation

 Transport and Bearer Traffic


- Voice packet transmission
- Routing
- Support of QoS

 Numbering
- Phone Number
- IP Addressing
Components of VoIP
 Coding and Decoding of Analog Voice
- Analog to digital and digital to analog conversion.
- Compression

 Signaling
- Call setup and tear down
- Resource and coding negotiation

 Transport and Bearer Traffic


- Voice packet transmission
- Routing
- Support of QoS

 Numbering
- Phone Number
- IP Addressing
What Protocols are Required?
 Signaling Protocol
- To establish presence, locate user, set up, modify,
tear down session.

 Media Transport Protocol


- To transmit packetized audio / video signal.

 Supporting Protocol
- Gateway Location, QoS, Address Translation,
etc.
VoIP Protocol
What Protocols are Required?
 Signaling Protocol
- To establish presence, locate user, set up, modify,
tear down session.

 Media Transport Protocol


- To transmit packetized audio / video signal.

 Supporting Protocol
- Gateway Location, QoS, Address Translation,
etc.
SIP Overview

 SIP - Introduction
 SIP architecture and philosophy
 Methods Used in SIP
 SIP messages & responses
 Security
SIP is?
 An Application-layer control (signaling) protocol
• creating, modifying and terminating sessions with one or more
participants.

 Sessions include:
• Internet multimedia conferences,
• Internet telephone calls
• multimedia distribution.

 Members in a session can communicate via:


• Multicast
• mesh of unicast relations
• combination of these.

 Text based
• Model similar to HTTP : uses client-server model
SIP Basic Functionality
Supports 5 facets of communication:

 User location: determination of the end system to


be used for communication;
 User capabilities: determination of the media and
media parameters to be used;
 User availability: determination of the willingness
of the called party to engage in communications;
 Call setup: "ringing", establishment of call
parameters at both called and calling party;
 Call handling: including transfer and termination of
calls.
Development of SIP
 SIP developed by Handley, Schulzrinne, Schooler,
and Rosenberg
- Submitted as Internet-Draft 7/97

 • Assigned RFC 2543 in 3/99

 • Goals: Re-use of & Maximum Interoperability with


existing protocols

 • Alternative to ITU’s H.323


- H.323 used for IP Telephony since 1994
- Problems: No new services, addressing, features
- Concerns: scalability, extensibility
SIP Architecture
 SIP uses client/server architecture
 Client - originates message
 Server - responds to or forwards message

Elements:
 SIP User Agents (SIP Phones)
 SIP Servers (Proxy or Redirect - used to locate SIP users or
to forward messages.)

Can be stateless or stateful


 SIP Gateways:
 To PSTN for telephony interworking
 To H.323 for IP Telephony interworking
SIP Entities – User Agents

User Agents
 User Agent Client (UAC)
 Initiates SIP requests
 User Agent Server (UAS)
 Returns SIP responses
SIP Entities – Network Servers
Network Servers
 Proxy: Decides next hop and forwards request,
relays call signaling , operates in a transactional
manner, saves no session state

 Redirect: Sends address of next hop back to client,


redirects callers to other servers

 Registrar: Accepts REGISTER requests from


clients, maintains users’ whereabouts at a location
server
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP ethods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Proxy vs. Redirect
SIP - QoS
SIP - QoS
VoIP

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