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Adc and Dac: Syed Khawar Hussain Shah

The document discusses analog and digital signals and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC). It describes how ADC works by sampling a continuous analog signal, quantizing it into discrete levels, and encoding it into a digital code. The key components of an ADC are its sampling rate, conversion time, resolution, and conversion method such as successive approximation.

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M. Raza
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92 views12 pages

Adc and Dac: Syed Khawar Hussain Shah

The document discusses analog and digital signals and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC). It describes how ADC works by sampling a continuous analog signal, quantizing it into discrete levels, and encoding it into a digital code. The key components of an ADC are its sampling rate, conversion time, resolution, and conversion method such as successive approximation.

Uploaded by

M. Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADC and DAC

1
By

Syed Khawar Hussain Shah


2 Analog Signals

Analog signals – directly measurable quantities in terms


of some other quantity
Examples:
 Thermometer – mercury height rises as temperature
rises
 Car Speedometer – Needle moves farther right as you
accelerate
 Stereo – Volume increases as you turn the knob.
3 Digital Signals

Digital Signals – have only two states. For digital computers, we


refer to binary states, 0 and 1. “1” can be on, “0” can be off.

Examples:
 Light switch can be either on or off
 Door to a room is either open or closed
Analog-to-Digital Conversion

 An ADC converts a continuous analog signal from transducer into


digital code for use by computer
 ADC consists of three phases:
1. Sampling – converts the continuous signal into a series of discrete
analog signals at periodic intervals
2. Quantization –is the process of converting a continuous range of
values into a finite range of discrete values. Each discrete analog is
converted into one of a finite number of (previously defined)
discrete amplitude levels
3. Encoding – discrete amplitude levels are converted into digital code
Hardware Devices in Analog-to-Digital Conversion

5
Features of an ADC
6

 Sampling rate – rate at which continuous analog signal is polled


 Conversion time – how long it takes to convert the sampled signal to
digital code
 Resolution – depends on number of quantization levels
 Conversion method – means by which analog signal is encoded into
digital equivalent
Example – Successive approximation method
Analog Signal Converted into a Series of Discrete Data by A-to-D Converter

7
8 Sampling

 It is a process of taking a sufficient number of discrete values at


point on the wave form that will define the shape of the
waveform.
 The more samples you take, the more accurately you will define
the waveform.
9 sampling
10 Analog to digital conversion
Successive Approximation Method
11

 A series of trial voltages are successively compared to the input


signal whose value is unknown
 Number of trial voltages = number of bits used to encode the signal
 First trial voltage is 1/2 the full scale range of the ADC
 If the remainder of the input voltage exceeds the trial voltage, then
a bit value of 1 is entered, if less than trial voltage then a bit value
of zero is entered
 The successive bit values, multiplied by their respective trial
voltages and added, becomes the encoded value of the input signal
Successive Approximation Method
12

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