PART1 MECHANICS OF POINT PARTICLES

1.2 WORKING WITH NUMBERS

1.3 SI UNIT SYSTEM
 Scientific notation and prefixes

is that a reasonable way?

Much better way:
5.972 X 1027 kg
This is known as scientific notation

Swine flu virus: diameter of 10 to 300 nanometers

(nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter)

0.0000000000001m becomes 1.0 x 10-13m

 Scientific notation and prefixes

individually:
1) 0.00003004 = 3.004 X 10-5
2) 0.0456 = 4.56 X 10-2
3) 1045004 = 1.045004 X 106
4) 9340 = 9.34 X 103
5) 1.0053 X 10-3 (standard notation!) = 0.0010053
6) 5.302 X 104 (standard notation!) = 53020 more practi
ce
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES are reliably known digits + one uncertain (estimate)

(1) All non-zero digits are significant. 438 g 3

26.42 m 4
0.75 cm 2
(2) All zeros between non-zero 12060 m 4
digits are significant. 900.43 cm 5
(3) Filler zeros to the left of an 220 L 2
understood decimal place are not 60 g 1
significant. 30. cm 2
(4) Filler zeros to the right of a decimal 0.006 L 1
place are not significant. 0.08 g 1
(5) All non-filler zeros to the right of 8.0 L 2
a decimal place are significant. 60.40 g 4
 Significant figures in calculations

Multiplication and division – round your answer to the same number of

significant digits as the quantity with the fewest number of significant digits.

Addition and subtraction – round your answer to the same number of

decimal places as the quantity with the fewest number of decimal places.

Find: calculator result: proper result:

(1.2 cm)(2 cm) 2.4 cm2 2 cm2
(2.75 cm)2 7.5625 cm2 7.56 cm2
5.350 m/2.752 s 1.944040698 m/s 1.944 m/s
(0.0075 N)(6 m) 0.045 Nm 0.04 Nm

1.2 cm + 2 cm 3.2 cm 3 cm
2000 m+2.1 m 2002.1 m 2002 m
0.00530 m – 2.10 m -2.0947 m -2.09 m
https://play.kahoot.it/v2/?quizId=942cff85-
4a6f-47b9-a6b5-7a35dfedf8db
 Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson ,students will be able to
• Know what is international unit system and
definition of base units.
• They will be able to convert units to other unit
systems.
 SI Units
Stands for Système international d'unités. It is standard body of measurements,
the modern form of the metric system adopted in 1960.
▪The SI system is pretty much the world standard in units.
Why use SI units?
▪ universal
▪ easy (metric system)
▪ The fundamental units in the SI system are…
Length meter (m)
Mass kilogram (kg)
Time second (s)
Electric Current (I) ampere (A)
Temperature kelvin (K)
Amount of matter mole
Intensity of light/Luminosity candela (cd)

▪ You will also use the gram. In Chemistry. In physics we use the kilogram (SI unit).
 SI Units
Length – 1 meter (1m) is the distance traveled by the light in a vacuum during
a time of 1/299,792,458 second.

Mass – 1 kilogram (1 kg) is defined as a mass of a specific platinum-iridium

alloy cylinder kept at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures at Sevres, France

1 kg is basic unit of mass, not, I repeat, not 1g !!!!!!!!!!

Time – 1 second (1s) is defined as 9,192,631,770 times the period of one

oscillation of radiation from the cesium atom.
 EX: Which one of the following is fundamental unit?
A. Coulomb B. Ohm C. Volt D. Ampere

1 mile=1.609 km
1 mile=5280ft
1 acre=43,560ft2
1 hectare=10,000m2
 Fundamental and derived SI units

▪ In the sciences, you must be able to convert from one set of units
(and prefixes) to another.

EX: Suppose the rate of a car is 36 kmh-1, and it travels for 4 seconds.
What is the distance traveled in that time by the car?

▪ distance: s = vt.

  36 𝑘𝑚 36 𝑘𝑚
𝑠= × 4 s= ×4s
h 3600 𝑠

s = 0.04 km = 211.2 ft
 Fundamental and derived SI units

Unit for any quantity that is measured or calculated in physics (generally

science) is combinations of seven basic /fundamental units.
Derived units are combinations of 7 basic ones.
▪ Speed - measured in meters per second (m s-1).
▪ Acceleration - measured in meters per second per second (m s-2).
▪ Mass density - measured in kilograms per meter3 (kg m-3).
 Scientific notation and prefixes
EX: 1. The best current estimate of the age of the universe is
13 700 000 000 = 1.37 × 1010 years = 13.7 billion years
scientific notation prefix

2. electron mass = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 91 kg
= 9.1 × 10-31 kilograms

Very large and very small numbers: either scientific notation or prefixes should be used

Power of 10 Prefix Name Symbol

10 -12 pico p
10 -9 nano n
10 -6 micro µ
10 -3 milli m
10 -2 centi c
10 3 kilo k
10 6 mega M
10 9 giga G
10 12 tera T
 EXAMPLE:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation#Normalized_notation

4.321768 ks
-53 ks
9.72 Gs
200 ms
7.51 ns

0.00354 m = 3.54 x 10-3 m = 3.54 mm

 base unit
1
femto pico nano micro mili kilo mega giga tera

f p n m m k M G T

10-15 10-12 10-9 10-6 10-3 100 103 106 109 1012
Smaller units centi (c) deci (d) Larger units
10-2 10-1

every step is 10± 1 power

They are grouped into steps 10± 3

NEXT: Unit conversions involving SI unit prefixes

EX:
form smaller unit to larger unit →
5
  𝑚 ℓ=¿ 𝑘 ℓ expect smaller number

=1
  ℓ 1𝑘 ℓ
5 𝑚 ℓ=5 𝑚 ℓ ×
( 3
10 𝑚 ℓ )( )
3
10 ℓ
=¿ 5  ×10−6 𝑘 ℓ

or
5  𝑚𝓁 =5 ×10−3 𝓁=5 × 10−3 ×10− 3 𝑘 𝓁
  5 𝑚 ℓ =5 × 10− 6 𝑘 ℓ

EX:
from larger unit to smaller unit →
 5 𝑘𝑚 =¿ ¿ expect bigger number
=1
  103 𝑚 1𝑐𝑚
5 𝑘𝑚=5 𝑘𝑚 ×
1 𝑘𝑚( )( −2
10 𝑚
=5 )
×10
5
𝑐𝑚

or
5  𝑘𝑚=5 ×10 3 𝑚=5 ×103 ×102 𝑐 𝑚
5  𝑘𝑚=5 ×10 5 𝑐𝑚
EX: The wavelenagth of green light is 500 nm. How many meters is this?
500
  𝑛𝑚=¿ 500
  ×10− 9 𝑚=5× 10−7 𝑚

EX: I have 906 gigabyte hard drive on my computer.

How many bytes of data will it hold?
906
  𝐺𝑏𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠=906× 109 𝑏𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠=9.06 ×1011 𝑏𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠

EX: EX: EX:

 How many liters is 16 ℓ ? 4.3 x 104 ns = ? µs 5.2 x 108 ms = ? ks

  𝜇 ℓ=1.6 ×10− 5 ℓ
16   4.3 = 43 µs 5.2×
  108 𝑚𝑠=520 𝑘𝑠
EX:
1  𝑚3 =(10 2 𝑐𝑚)3=106 𝑐𝑚3
1  𝑚3 =(10 3 𝑚 𝑚)3 =109 𝑚𝑚3

1  𝑐𝑚3=(10−2 𝑚)3=10−6 𝑚3

1  𝑚𝑚3=(10−3 𝑚)3=10− 9 𝑚 3
EX: 3
7.2 m3 → mm3 7.2
  𝑚3 =7.2 ( 103 𝑚𝑚 ) = 7.2  x 10 9   𝑚𝑚3

EX: 100
  3
𝑚𝑚 =100 ( 10
−3 3
𝑚 ) =10
−7 3
𝑚
100 mm3 → m3
EX:   75
75 g/cm2 → kg/m2

EX:   20 = 20 = 72 km/h
20 m/s → km/h

EX:
  72 = 20 m/s
72 km/h → m/s
1.The unit of land area used in countries that use the SI system is the hectare,defined as
10,000 m2.In some countries,land area is given in acre is defined as 43,560ft 2.
Problem.
You Just bought a plot of land with dimensions 2.00km by 4.00km.What is the area of your
new purchase in hectares and acres?
Ans: In hectares (10,000m2=1 hectare)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In acres(1 mile=1.609 km,1 mile=5280 ft,1 acre=43560ft2)