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Uniform Circular Motion

1) Uniform circular motion involves an object moving at a constant speed along a circular path. 2) While the speed is constant, the velocity is not because its direction is constantly changing as the object moves around the circular path. 3) Centripetal acceleration causes the object to maintain its circular motion by providing an inward acceleration towards the center.

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202 views19 pages

Uniform Circular Motion

1) Uniform circular motion involves an object moving at a constant speed along a circular path. 2) While the speed is constant, the velocity is not because its direction is constantly changing as the object moves around the circular path. 3) Centripetal acceleration causes the object to maintain its circular motion by providing an inward acceleration towards the center.

Uploaded by

Cherry Pie Renon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIFORM CIRCULAR

MOTION
UNIFORM CIRCULAR
MOTION
AN OBJECT MOVES
AT A CONSTANT
SPEED ALONG A
CIRCULAR PATH.
SPEED VS. VELOCITY

If the speed is constant, will the


velocity be constant???

NO!
SPEED VS. VELOCITY

Velocity being a vector has a magnitude and


direction.
Speed is the same as the magnitude of the velocity, so
it does not change.
SPEED VS. VELOCITY
Why is velocity not constant???
 Because the direction is NOT
constant, it changes.
 Remember , the object moves
along a circular path, so the
direction of the velocity changes
and that the velocity is tangent to
the trajectory or path.
CENTRIPETAL
ACCELERATION
Unlike in free fall motion where acceleration affects the
magnitude, in this case, the acceleration affects the
direction. It causes the object to maintain a curved path,
keeping moving along the circle.
This acceleration acts towards the center, making it
normal along the curved path.
CENTRIPETAL
ACCELERATION
 In uniform circular motion,
acceleration is normal to the
curved path.
 Centripetal acceleration – is the
acceleration that maintains the
object along a circular path,
directed towards the center
In 1673, Christian Huygens was able to determine the
 
following relationship between , v and R
 From our knowledge of one-dimensional kinematics, the magnitude of the velocity, speed is
just given by:
Speed = distance / time

eq.1
 
How do we get the magnitude of the velocity of an
object in circular motion?

When a body goes around the circle of radius r, it is


just traveling around the circumference of the circle,
so it covers the entire distance equivalent to 2π r
What about the time interval to complete a
distance 2π r?
 Instead

of using just time, we introduce a new term,
called the period, represented by the Greek Letter tau
(‫)ד‬.
So, velocity is equivalent to the following formula:

eq.2
Instead of measuring the time it takes to complete
one revolution, you could also identify in terms of
the number of revolutions of cycle completed per
unit time. This term is called frequency, represented
by the letter f.
Frequency and period are related by this
 
equation. eq. 3
  So

the equation, can also be expressed in terms of frequency:
eq. 4
 Expressing our centripetal acceleration in terms of frequency, we
have
==
= eq.5
In terms of period,

  

eq. 6
EXAMPLE:

It takes a merry-go-round moves 30 seconds to


complete one revolution, what is the velocity of
the child on top of a horse found 3.0m away from
the center?
ANSWER
 
GIVEN:

FIND:
Radius r = 3.0m
VELOCITY (v) in m/s
Period = 30s
 
SOLUTION: We can apply the formula directly using the given
values. So,
= = 0.63 m/s
ACTIVITY
  
A micro compact disc (CD) is 6.0 cm in
diameter. If a drive spins uniformly at 300
revolutions per minute, what is the
acceleration in m/ of a particle of dirt found
along the edge?
ANSWER
 
GIVEN:

 
FIND:
Diameter d = 6.0cm acceleration () in m/
frequency = 300min/s

 
SOLUTION: Our formula for acceleration is, =
 First,

we will solve for the radius in meters,
= = 0.03 m

 
Next, we convert the frequency from per min to per
seconds,
fx5
Solving for the acceleration:

  

=
=4
= 9.4m/

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