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Lesson3 Selection

The document discusses different types of decision structures in programming, including if/then statements, select case statements, and logical operators. It explains that decision structures control program flow and execution based on conditions. If/then statements can evaluate a single condition or include elseif to evaluate multiple conditions in order. Select case structures provide an efficient way to control program flow based on one variable. Logical operators like AND and OR can combine conditions to determine if code blocks execute.

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Yovin Lekamge
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
42 views25 pages

Lesson3 Selection

The document discusses different types of decision structures in programming, including if/then statements, select case statements, and logical operators. It explains that decision structures control program flow and execution based on conditions. If/then statements can evaluate a single condition or include elseif to evaluate multiple conditions in order. Select case structures provide an efficient way to control program flow based on one variable. Logical operators like AND and OR can combine conditions to determine if code blocks execute.

Uploaded by

Yovin Lekamge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Using Decision

Structures

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama.


3/9/2009 1
 Write conditional expressions.
 Use an If…Then statement to branch to a set of
program statements based on varying
condition.
 Use a select case statement.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 2


In this lecture you’ll increase your
programming vocabulary by
creating code blocks called
Decision structures that control
how your program executes, or
flows, internally.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 3


 A conditional expression is a part of a
complete program statement that asks a
True-or-false question about a property or a
variable.
 You can use relational/comparison operators
in a conditional expression such as =, < >, >,
<, >= or <=.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 4


 You can use an If…Then decision structure to
evaluate a condition in the program and take a
course of action based on the result.

 In its simplest form, an If…Then decision is


written on a single line.
 Syntax

If condition Then statement

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 5


If score>=20 Then Label1.text=“You Win”
• If the score variable contains a value greater
than 20 or equal to 20, visual basic sets the text
property, otherwise it skips the assignment
statement and execute the next line.
•This sort of a comparison always results in a
True or False value.
•The conditional expression never results in
maybe. APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 1- 6
3/9/2009
Syntax
If condition Then
statements
Else
statements
endif

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 7


If score>=20 Then
Label1.text=“You Win”
Else
Label1.text=“you fail”
End if

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 8


 Visual Basic also supports an If…Then
decision structure that you can use to
include several conditional expressions.
 This block of statements can be several lines
long and contains important keywords Elseif,
Else and End If .
 Identify this as a nested decision structure.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 9


Syntax
If condition1 Then
statements executed if condition1 is true
ElseIf condition2 Then
statements executed if condition2 is true
[Additional ElseIf and statements can be placed here]
Else
statements executed if non of the conditions is true
End if

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 10


If score>=75 Then
Label1.text=“A”
Elseif score>=65 Then
Label1.text=“B”
Elseif score>=50 Then
Label1.text=“C”
Elseif score>=35 Then
Label1.text=“S”
Else
Label1.text=“F”
Endif

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 11


 The order of the conditional experssions
in your if…then and elseif staetements is
critical.
 When you use more than one conditional
expression, consider the order carefully.
 What happens if you reverse the order of
the conditional expressions of grade
evaluation example and list the score
from lowest to the highest?

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 12


If score>=35 Then  Even though the
Label1.text=“S” same expressions
Elseif score>=50 Then are evaluated as
in the previous
Label1.text=“C” example, the
Elseif score>=65 Then result won’t be
Label1.text=“B” same.
Elseif score>=75 Then  In an if…elseif
Label1.text=“A” structure,
conditions need to
Else be listed in
Label1.text=“F” ascending order.
Endif
APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 13
 You can test more than one conditional
expression in if…then…elseif clauses if you
want to include more than one selection
criterion in you decision structure.
 The extra conditions are linked together by
using one or more logical operators listed as
follows.
 And
 Or
 Not
 Xor
APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 14
Public Class Form1

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,


ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
If TextBox1.Text = "555-55-5555" _
And TextBox2.Text = "12345" Then Continuation
MsgBox("Welcome to the system!") character
Else
MsgBox("I don't recognize this number")
End If
End Sub
End Class

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 15


 For the statements of the If structure to be
executed, both conditions must be evaluated
to True.
 If the first condition is evaluated to False, VB
skips to the next line or the Else statement
immediately, without testing the second
condition.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 16


If…then…else…with logical operator AndAlso

Dim Num As Integer


If Num=1 AndAlso Msgbox(“2nd condition test”)
MsgBox(“Inside if”)
Else
msgBox(“Inside else”)
Endif

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 17


 With VB, you can also control the
execution of statements in your programs
by using Select Case Decision structure.
 A select Case structure is similar to an
If…Then…Else structure, but it is more
efficient when you’re making 3 or more
branching decisions based on one key
variable, or test case.
 You can also use Select Case structures to
make your code more readable.
APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 18
Select Case selector
Case valuelist1
action1
Case valuelist2
action2
Case Else
action of last resort
End Select

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 19


 You can use comparison operators to include
a range of text values in a Select Case
structure.
 To use the comparison operators, you need
to include the Is keyword or To keyword in
the expression to identify the comparison
you’re making.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 20


 The Is keyword instructs the compiler to
compare the test variable to the expression
listed after the Is keyword.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 21


 The To keyword identifies a range of values.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 22


Select Case Age
Case Is < 13
label1.text=“Enjoy your youth!”
Case 13 To 19
label1.text=“Enjoy your teens!”
Case 21
label1.text=“You can drink wine with your
meals!”
Case Is > 100
label1.text=“Oh…That’s great!”
Case Else
label1.text=“That’s a nice age to be!”
End Select
APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 23
 The above structure users several comparison
operators to test the age variable and to
display on of the five messages.

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 24


Q&A

APIIT City Campus – 2009 Feb – Revised by Nadeera Ahangama. 3/9/2009 1- 25

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