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Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning is a form of learning discovered by Ivan Pavlov where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Through repeated pairing, a dog learns to associate the sound of a bell with food and salivates in response to the bell alone. The stages of classical conditioning involve an unconditioned stimulus producing an unconditioned response before pairing with a neutral stimulus which then elicits the same response. Classical conditioning principles can be applied in advertising, learning, and modifying behaviors.

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Jessan Manlakat
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325 views12 pages

Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning is a form of learning discovered by Ivan Pavlov where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Through repeated pairing, a dog learns to associate the sound of a bell with food and salivates in response to the bell alone. The stages of classical conditioning involve an unconditioned stimulus producing an unconditioned response before pairing with a neutral stimulus which then elicits the same response. Classical conditioning principles can be applied in advertising, learning, and modifying behaviors.

Uploaded by

Jessan Manlakat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSICAL

CONDITIONING
Ivan Pavlov
• Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian conditioning) is
learning through association and was discovered by Pavlov, a
Russian physiologist. In simple terms, two stimuli are linked together
to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. John
Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on
Pavlov’s observations) was able to explain all aspects of human
psychology.

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Terms to know
• Unconditioned stimulus. This is the thing that triggers an automatic
response. Food is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov’s dog
experiment.
• Unconditioned response. This is what response naturally occurs
when you experience the unconditioned stimulus, such as salivating
from the food.
• Conditioned stimulus. This is considered a neutral stimulus. When
you’re presented with it over and over before the unconditioned
stimulus (e.g., food), it will start to evoke the same response. The
bell before the food is the conditioned stimulus.

Classical Conditioning Process


• Conditioned response. This is the acquired response to the conditioned stimulus
(the bell), which is often the same response as the unconditioned response. So, the
dogs salivated for the bell the same way they salivated for the food in front of
them.

• Extinction. This term is used when you start presenting the conditioned stimulus
(the bell) over and over but without the unconditioned stimulus (the food). Over
time, the dogs would unlearn their conditioning that the bell means food is
coming.

• Generalization. This refers to when you can generalize similar things and respond
the same way. Dogs began salivating at sounds similar to bells because they were
generalizing what they learned.

• Discrimination. The opposite of generalization, this is our ability to tell the


difference when something is similar but not identical, so it won’t produce the
same response. A horn sound, for instance, wouldn’t make the dogs salivate.

Classical Conditioning Process


Stages of Classical
Conditioning :
• In this stage, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces an
unconditioned response (UCR) in an organism. In basic terms,
this means that a stimulus in the environment has produced a
behavior / response which is unlearned (i.e., unconditioned)
and therefore is a natural response which has not been taught.
In this respect, no new behavior has been learned yet.

• This stage also involves another stimulus which has no effect


on a person and is called the neutral stimulus (NS). The NS
could be a person, object, place, etc. The neutral stimulus in
classical conditioning does not produce a response until it is
paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Stage 1: Before Conditioning


• During this stage, a stimulus which produces no response
(i.e., neutral) is associated with the unconditioned
stimulus at which point it now becomes known as the
conditioned stimulus (CS).

• For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned


stimulus should occur before the unconditioned stimulus,
rather than after it, or during the same time. Thus, the
conditioned stimulus acts as a type of signal or cue for
the unconditioned stimulus.

Stage 2: During Conditioning


• Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated
with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to create a new
conditioned response (CR).

Stage 3: After Conditioning


• The implications of classical conditioning in the classroom are less
important than those of operant conditioning, but there is a still
need for teachers to try to make sure that students associate positive
emotional experiences with learning.

• If a student associates negative emotional experiences with school,


then this can obviously have bad results, such as creating a school
phobia.

• For example, if a student is bullied at school they may learn to


associate the school with fear. It could also explain why some
students show a particular dislike of certain subjects that continue
throughout their academic career. This could happen if a student is
humiliated or punished in class by a teacher.

Classical Conditioning in the Classroom


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4OX5DVLn24

Let’s watch a video clip!


• Classical conditioning is a type of unconscious,
automatic learning. While many people think of Pavlov’s
dog, there are hundreds of examples in our daily lives
that show how classical conditioning affects us.

• Classical conditioning is used in advertisements, learning


and treating fears or phobias, reinforcement of good
behaviors, and even to help protect you, like against
poisons or certain foods. It can also help in pet training.

Takeaway :

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