METAL ALLOY

NAMA:MUHAMAD AKMAL BIN ISMAIL

NO MATRIK:11DKM19F1046
Which Metals Are Ferrous?
• Some common ferrous metals include alloy steel, carbon steel, cast iron and wrought iron.
These metals are prized for their tensile strength and durability. Carbon Steel – also known
as structure steel – is a staple in the construction industry and is used in the tallest
skyscrapers and longest bridges. Ferrous metals are also used in shipping containers,
industrial piping, automobiles, railroad tracks, and many commercial and domestic tools.

• Ferrous metals have a high carbon content which generally makes them vulnerable to rust
when exposed to moisture. There are two exceptions to this rule: wrought iron resists rust
due to its purity and stainless steel is protected from rust by the presence of chromium.

• Most ferrous metals are magnetic which makes them very useful for motor and electrical
applications. The use of ferrous metals in your refrigerator door allows you to pin your
shopping list on it with a magnet.
 Steel
Steel is made by adding iron to carbon which hardens the iron. Alloy steel becomes even tougher as other
elements like chromium and nickel are introduced. Steel is made by heating and melting iron ore in
furnaces. The steel can is tapped from the furnaces and poured into molds to form steel bars. Steel is
widely used in the construction and manufacturing industries.
 Carbon Steel
Carbon steel has a higher carbon content in comparison to other types of steel making it exceptionally
hard. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of machine tools, drills, blades, taps, and springs. It can
keep a sharp cutting edge.
 Alloy Steel
Alloy steels incorporate elements such as chromium, nickel and titanium to impart greater strength and
durability without increasing weight. Stainless steel is an important alloy steel made using chromium. Alloy
steels are used in construction, machine tools, and electrical components.
 Cast Iron
Cast iron is an alloy made from iron, carbon, and silicon. Cast iron is brittle and hard and resistant to wear.
It’s used in water pipes, machine tools, automobile engines and stoves.
 Wrought Iron
Wrought iron is an alloy with so little carbon content it’s almost pure iron. During the manufacturing
process, some slag is added which gives wrought iron excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation,
however, it is low in hardness and fatigue strength. Wrought iron is used for fencing and railings,
agricultural implements, nails, barbed wire, chains, and various
Which Metals Are Non-Ferrous?
Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, lead, zinc and tin, as well as precious metals like
gold and silver. Their main advantage over ferrous materials is their malleability. They also have
no iron content, giving them a higher resistance to rust and corrosion, and making them ideal
for gutters, liquid pipes, roofing and outdoor signs. Lastly they are non-magnetic, which is
important for many electronic and wiring applications.
 Aluminum
Aluminum is lightweight, soft and low strength. Aluminum is easily cast, forged, machined and
welded. It’s not suitable for high-temperature environments. Because aluminum is lightweight, it
is a good choice for the manufacturing of aircraft and food cans. Aluminum is also used in
castings, pistons, railways, cars, and kitchen utensils.
 Copper
Copper is red in color, highly ductile, malleable and has high conductivity for electricity and
heat. Copper is principally used in the electrical industry in the form of wire and other
conductors. It’s also used in sheet roofing, cartridge cases, statutes, and bearings. Copper is
also used to make brass, an alloy of copper and zinc.
 Lead
Lead is a soft, heavy, malleable metal with a low melting point and low tensile strength. It can
withstand corrosion from moisture and many acids. Lead is widely used in electrical power
cables, batteries, building construction and soldering.
 Zinc
Zinc is a medium to low strength metal with a very low melting point. It can be machined easily,
but heating may be required to avoid cleavage of crystals. Zinc is most widely used in
galvanizing, the process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel to prevent rust.
 Tin
Tin is very soft and malleable, ductile with low tensile strength. It’s often used to coat steel to
prevent corrosion. Tinplate steel is used to make tin cans to hold food. In the late 19th century,
tin foil was commonly used to wrap food products, but has since largely been replaced by
aluminum foil. Tin can also be alloyed with copper to produce tin brass and bronze.
Types of alloy steel
There are multiple subcategories of alloy steel. These include:
 Low-alloy steel
 High-strength low alloy (HSLA) steel
 High-alloy steel
 Stainless steel
 Microalloyed steel
 Advanced high-strength steel (AHSS)
 Maraging steel
 Tool steel
 Nonferious alloy

ALUMiNIUM TITANIUM COPPER

Characteristics: excellent
Characterictics:high corrosion
corrosion resistance, good Characterics; high corrosion
resistance,Good in thermal and
strenghts, low density resistance, good electric
electrical conductivity
conductor,excellent heat
transfer
Application: aircraft
Application : wrapper,light
spacecraft and missiles,power application;cables,televission
inversion,decorative product
plant condesers and radio equipment, switch,
water carrying pipes, soldering
material, cooking pot, ship bodies
corroction
• Corrosion is an electrochemical process in which metals
and alloys undergo transformation into predominantly
oxides, hydroxides, and aqueous salts. In one, the anodic
reaction, metal atoms are ionised and pass into solution
leaving their electrons within the original metal surface. .