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Electrical System in Automobile

The document summarizes the key components of an automobile's electrical system, including the ignition system, alternator, battery, and starting motor. It describes how the ignition system uses a coil and distributor to generate high voltage sparks for the spark plugs. It also discusses how modern ignition systems replaced breaker points with solid-state electronics. The document outlines the purpose of the alternator, battery, and starting motor. It concludes by describing the lighting system and its components like headlights, turn signals, brake lights, and backup lights.

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Rohit kendre
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114 views13 pages

Electrical System in Automobile

The document summarizes the key components of an automobile's electrical system, including the ignition system, alternator, battery, and starting motor. It describes how the ignition system uses a coil and distributor to generate high voltage sparks for the spark plugs. It also discusses how modern ignition systems replaced breaker points with solid-state electronics. The document outlines the purpose of the alternator, battery, and starting motor. It concludes by describing the lighting system and its components like headlights, turn signals, brake lights, and backup lights.

Uploaded by

Rohit kendre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

IN AUTOMOBILE

By:Tukaram Satyawan Machpalle


B.Tech Final Year
Introduction
Originally, the electrical system of the
automobile was limited to the ignition
equipment. With the advent of the electric
starter on a 1912 Cadillac model, electric lights
and horns began to replace the kerosene and
acetylene lights and the bulb horns.
Electrification was rapid and complete, and, by
1930, 6-volt systems were standard
everywhere.
Components Of an Automobile Electrical
System
Ignition system
The ignition system provides the spark to ignite the
air-fuel mixture in the cylinders of the engine. The
system consists of the spark plugs, coil, distributor,
and battery. In order to jump the gap between the
electrodes of the spark plugs, the 12-volt potential of
the electrical system must be stepped up to about
20,000 volts. This is done by a circuit that starts with
the battery, one side of which is grounded on the
chassis and leads through the ignition switch to the
primary winding of the ignition coil and back to the
ground through an interrupter switch.
Ignition system
Interrupting the primary circuit induces a high
voltage across the secondary terminal of the
coil. The high-voltage secondary terminal of
the coil leads to a distributor that acts as a
rotary switch, alternately connecting the coil to
each of the wires leading to the spark plugs.
Solid State Ignition system
Solid-state or transistorized ignition systems were
introduced in the 1970s. These distributor systems
provided increased durability by eliminating the
frictional contacts between breaker points and
distributor cams. The breaker point was replaced by a
revolving magnetic-pulse generator in which
alternating-current pulses trigger the high voltage
needed for ignition by means of an amplifier electronic
circuit. Changes in engine ignition timing are made by
vacuum or electronic control unit (microprocessor)
Automobile Alternator
Automobile Battery
Starting Motor
The starting motor drives a small spur gear
so arranged that it automatically moves in to
mesh with gear teeth on the rim of the
flywheel as the starting-motor armature
begins to turn. When the engine starts, the
gear is disengaged, thus preventing damage
to the starting motor from overspeeding. The
starting motor is designed for high current
consumption and delivers considerable
power for its size for a limited time.
Lighting System 1.Headlights
Headlights must satisfactorily illuminate the highway ahead of the
automobile for driving at night or in inclement weather without
temporarily blinding approaching drivers. This was achieved in
modern cars with double-filament bulbs with a high and a low
beam, called sealed-beam units. Introduced in 1940, these bulbs
found widespread use following World War II. Such units could
have only one filament at the focal point of the reflector. Because
of the greater illumination required for high-speed driving with the
high beam, the lower beam filament was placed off centre, with a
resulting decrease in lighting effectiveness. Separate lamps for
these functions can also be used to improve illumination
effectiveness.
Lighting System 2.Dimming
Dimming is automatically achieved on some cars by
means of a photocell-controlled switch in the lamp
circuit that is triggered by the lights of an oncoming car.
Lamp clusters behind aerodynamic plastic covers
permitted significant front-end drag reduction and
improved fuel economy. In this arrangement, steerable
headlights became possible with an electric motor to
swivel the lamp assembly in response to steering
wheel position. The regulations of various governments
dictate brightness and field of view requirements for
vehicle lights.
Lighting System 3.Signal Lamps
Amber-coloured front and red rear signal lights are flashed as
a turn indication; all these lights are flashed simultaneously in
the “flasher” (hazard) system for use when a car is parked
along a roadway or is traveling at a low speed on a high-speed
highway. Marker lights that are visible from the front, side, and
rear also are widely required by law. Red-coloured rear signals
are used to denote braking, and cornering lamps, in
connection with turning, provide extra illumination in the
direction of an intended turn. Backup lights provide illumination
to the rear and warn anyone behind the vehicle when the
driver is backing up. High-voltage light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
have been developed for various signal and lighting
Thank you ！

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