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Software Development Project Management (CSC4125) : Precedence Network (Supplementary Materials)

The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to precedence networks and project scheduling, including float, free float, interfering float, forward pass, backward pass, critical path, and activity labeling conventions. It also includes examples to demonstrate how to establish a precedence network for a project, identify the critical path, calculate the shortest project duration, and determine free floats for activities.

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Kasuki Shihonara
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21 views14 pages

Software Development Project Management (CSC4125) : Precedence Network (Supplementary Materials)

The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to precedence networks and project scheduling, including float, free float, interfering float, forward pass, backward pass, critical path, and activity labeling conventions. It also includes examples to demonstrate how to establish a precedence network for a project, identify the critical path, calculate the shortest project duration, and determine free floats for activities.

Uploaded by

Kasuki Shihonara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

MANAGEMENT
(CSC4125)

Precedence Network
(Supplementary Materials)

1
Some Terminologies
• Float –The difference between an activity’s earliest
start date and its latest start date (or, equally,
difference between its earliest and latest finish dates)
is known as the activity’s float.
• Float = LS – ES = LF – EF
– It is a measure of how much the start/completion of an
activity may be delayed without affecting the end date of
the project
– Float is AKA Total Float to distinguish it from other forms
of float

2
Some Terminologies
• Free Float – the time by which an activity may be
delayed without affecting any subsequent activity.
– Free Float is the amount of time that an activity can be
delayed without delaying the early start date of any
successor activity
– It is calculated as the difference between the earliest
completion date for the activity and the earliest start date of
the succeeding activity.
• Free Float = Minimum of ES of the succeeding activities – EF of that activity
• Example: Free float of activity A, FFA = ES min.succd – EFA

3
Some Terminologies
• Interfering Float – how much the activity may be delayed
without delaying the project end date –even though it will
delay the start of subsequent activities
• Interfering Float = Total float –Free float

4
Some Terminologies
• Forward pass is carried out to calculate the earliest
dates on which each activity may be started and
completed.
• During the forward pass, earliest dates are recorded
as they are calculated.
• The forward pass rule: The earliest start date for an
activity is the earliest finish date for the preceding
activity. Where there is more than one immediately
preceding activity we take the latest of the earliest
finish dates for these activities.

5
Some Terminologies
• Backward pass is carried out to calculate the latest date at
which each activity may be started and finished without
delaying the end date of the project.
• The backward pass rule: The latest finish date for an activity is
the latest start date for the activity that commences
immediately that activity is complete. Where more than one
activity can commence we take the earliest of the latest start
dates for those activities.
• In calculating the latest dates, we assume that the latest finish
date for the project is the same as the earliest finish date (i.e.
we wish to complete the project as early as possible.)

6
Forward Pass & Backward Pass
• Forward Pass:
• ES = Max. EF of related predecessor
• EF = ES + Duration

• Backward Pass:
• LF = Min. LS of related successor
• LS = LF – Duration

7
Some Terminologies
• Critical path –There will be at least one path through the network
that defines the duration of the project. This is known as critical
path. Any delay to any activity on this critical path will delay the
completion of the project.
• Critical path is the longest path through the network
• Any activity with a float of zero is critical in the sense that any delay
in carrying out the activity will delay completion date of the project
as a whole.
– There will always be at least one path through the network joining those
critical activities – this path is known as critical path
• Critical path is characterized by least amount of float (usually zero
float)

8
Significance of the Critical Path

• The significance of the critical path is two-fold:


 In managing the project, we must pay particular
attention to monitoring activities on the critical
path so that the effects of any delay or resource
unavailability are detected and corrected at the
earliest opportunity.
 In planning the project, it is the critical path that
we must shorten if we are to reduce the overall
duration of the project.

9
Activity Labeling Convention

Earliest Start (ES) Duration Earliest Finish (EF)

Activity Label, Activity Description

Latest Start (LS) Float Latest Finish (LF)

10
Project Activity: Example 1

11
How the Question is Asked?
• Draw/Establish the Precedence Network
• Identify the critical path
• What is the shortest time by which the project
can be completed?
• Calculate the free float for each activity

12
Example 2
• An example project specification with
estimated activity durations and precedence
requirements are given in the next slide.
1) Establish/Draw the Precedence Network
2) Find the critical path
3) What is the shortest time by which the project
can be completed?
4) Calculate the free float for each activity

13
Example 2
Activity Duration Precedents
(Week)
A 3 None
B 9 A
C 4 A
D 8 B
E 2 B
F 4 C, D, E
14

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