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Lecture 1 2 Mechanization

The document discusses farm mechanization in Pakistan, including the objectives and benefits of mechanization, common farm machinery and equipment, and constraints to mechanization such as small land holdings and lack of repair facilities. It also outlines policy measures that could help address challenges, like encouraging custom hiring, standardizing equipment, and providing training and loans to support greater adoption of farm machinery.

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Afaaq Zahid
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182 views12 pages

Lecture 1 2 Mechanization

The document discusses farm mechanization in Pakistan, including the objectives and benefits of mechanization, common farm machinery and equipment, and constraints to mechanization such as small land holdings and lack of repair facilities. It also outlines policy measures that could help address challenges, like encouraging custom hiring, standardizing equipment, and providing training and loans to support greater adoption of farm machinery.

Uploaded by

Afaaq Zahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FARM MACHINERY AND EARTH

MOVING EQUIPMENT
Course No. : AGEN-3103
Credit Hours : 3(2-1)
Total Marks : 100
Theory : 60 marks
Practical : 20 marks
Practical is further classified as;
Note Book : 4-6 marks
Viva : 2-4 marks
Final Written : marks
Course Instructor : Engr Hassan Raza,
Department of AGEN
LECTURE- 1 & 2
MECHANIZATION, ITS
OBJECTIVES, CONSTRAINTS
AND POLICY
MEASURES/FUTURE
PROSPECTIVES
FARM MECHANIZATION
FARM:
Area of land which a farmer holds on which different
agricultural activities are taking place.

MECHANIZATION:
Replacement of human and animal power by means of
machines is called mechanization.

FARM MECHANIZATION:
Farm mechanization means performing farm operations
with the help of machines e.g. tillage, seeding,
fertilization, weeding, harvesting, threshing, conveying,
etc.
Farm Mechanization may be classified into two groups;

1. Farm Power
2. Farm Machinery

For power at farm, the main source of power is tractor.

The major machinery/implements used at farm are;


1.Sub-soiler 2. Disc plow 3. Chisel plow
4.Disc Harrow 5. Cultivator 6. Rotavator
7. Seed drill 8. Sprayers 9. Reaper
10.Thresher etc.
Objectives of Farm Mechanization
 Better farming operations right from seedbed
preparation till final consumption of crop.
 Increased cropping intensity due to timely operations.
 Relieving the area under fodder crops set aside for work
animals.
 Increased the area under cultivation through
development of culturable wasteland.
 To reduce the cost of production and to improve quality
of farm produce.
 To make the farm life easy and comfortable/enjoyable.
 To improve soil structure.
 Creation of more employment in agro-associated fields.
 To flatten the awkward labour peaks.
Scope of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan
Farm mechanization has a wide scope in Pakistan. Farm
mechanization can be used for different purposes. Those
are;
Use of cultureable waste land
To solve water shortage problem
Timely operations
Labor Problems
Electrification of farms
Increased productivity through machines
Use of Tractors as a power source
Use of farm implements/machinery for improved
operation efficiency
Scope of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan
 Better land leveling for efficient use of water for
irrigation purpose
 Proper weed eradication
 Better plant protection practices
 Better quality of products
 To promote precision agriculture
Constraints in mechanization
 Farm mechanization has shown good results as of raising
the agricultural production and improving the standard of
living of cultivators. However, a number of arguments
have been advanced against farm mechanization such as:
1. Small size and scattered holdings of the farmers stand in
the way of mechanization. As a result of this, farm
machinery generally remains under-utilized.
2. Majority of small cultivators are poor who are not in a
position to purchase the costly machinery like tractors,
combine harvesters etc.
3. The use of tractor operated machinery may render some
of the draft cattle population surplus.
4. The farm machinery have large turning radius and thus
require comparatively larger farm for economical use.
Constraints in mechanization
5. Lack of proper knowledge of farmer to purchase farm
machinery, operate and maintain it properly leads to
wrong choice, makes it uneconomical and risky too.
6. There is great shortage of diesel in the country as a
whole. Thus, to use so extensive oil based farm
machinery is not desirable for many farmers.
7. The lack of repair and replacement facilities especially in
the remote rural areas is another hindrance in efficient
small farm mechanization.
8. Due to the seasonal nature of the agriculture, the farm
machinery remains idle for much of the time. Thus, idle
machinery means unnecessary high costs unless proper
alternate use of such machinery in the off-season is made.
Policy Measures/Future Prospectus
 Some policy measure for the wide spread adaptation of
farm machinery should be taken as follows:
1. The total use of the farm machinery is much less.
Therefore, there is need to enhance its productive use as
a result of which, the fixed cost can be reduced
significantly.
2. The use of the tractor for custom hiring should be
encouraged through legislative measures.
3. The distribution of tractors from area to area should be
normalized so that the custom hiring is increased.
Further, the small farmers having operational holding of
less than 4 hectares need to be discouraged to own the
tractors unless they have substantial grounds to make
economical use of it.
Policy Measures/Future Prospectus
However, to solve the problems of mechanization of
smaller holdings, the possibilities can be:
(a) Cooperative management of farm machinery;
(b) Financing of second hand tractors for small farmers;
(c) Extension services to advise the suitability of various
makes, models and horse powers for different size of
operational holdings;
(d) Devising smaller machinery suitable for small farms
which constitute the vast majority of farmers but the
machinery has to be effective and less costly.
4. Suitable crop planning on the farm and in the area can
be quite useful to gainfully employ the tractor. The
monoculture of crops and varieties in the area results in
high seasonal fluctuation in its use.
5. Technical know-how should be provided to the farmers with
respect to appropriateness of farm machinery for the
situation and for its proper use.
6. A standardization and quality-marking stations of farm
equipment should be established in potential areas of the
country.
7. The farm machinery suitable for different types of soil and
operations for important crops should be developed and
manufactured.
9. The useful farm equipment should be identified and imported
to cut down time and expenditure on research.
10. Training relating to farm machinery and equipment should
be imparted to the farmers and artisans.
11. Service units should be encouraged and mobile service units
should be started. Adequate and soft loans for such purposes
should be provided.

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