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Physics Art Integration Project: Electrostatics

This document discusses key concepts in electrostatics including: 1. Electrostatics is the study of stationary electric charges at rest. An electroscope can be used to detect charge and determine if it is positive or negative. 2. Conductors allow electric charge to flow through easily, while insulators do not allow charge to flow. Semiconductors have properties between conductors and insulators. 3. Electric flux is defined as the number of electric field lines passing through a surface, and electric potential is the work required to move a charge between two points in an electric field.

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598 views16 pages

Physics Art Integration Project: Electrostatics

This document discusses key concepts in electrostatics including: 1. Electrostatics is the study of stationary electric charges at rest. An electroscope can be used to detect charge and determine if it is positive or negative. 2. Conductors allow electric charge to flow through easily, while insulators do not allow charge to flow. Semiconductors have properties between conductors and insulators. 3. Electric flux is defined as the number of electric field lines passing through a surface, and electric potential is the work required to move a charge between two points in an electric field.

Uploaded by

CHIEF VISHAAL 45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS ART

INTEGRATION PROJECT
ELECTROSTATICS
- BY P.TAROON -
ELECTROSTATICS 
DEFINITION 
                 -> STUDY OF STATIONARY ELECTRIC
CHARGES AT REST IS KNOWN AS
ELECTROSTATICS.  
                      ->AN ELECTROSCOPE IS USED TO
DETECT THE CHARGE ON A BODY. 
                                        USES 
                    -> PITH BALL ELECTROSCOPE IS
USED TO DETECT A CHARGE AND TO KNOW THE
NATURE OF THE CHARGE.  
               ->GOLD LEAF ELECTROSCOPE WHICH
WAS INVENTED BY BENNET DETECTS A
CHARGE AND THE NATURE OF THE CHARGE
AND DETERMINES THE QUANTITY OF THE
CHARGE. 
CONDUCTORS

-> A body in which electric charge can easily flow through is called
conductor.
->Example: Metals.
INSULATORS

-> A body in which electric charge cannot flow is called insulator or


dielectric.
->Example: Glass, Wool, Plastic, Rubber etc.
SEMICONDUCTORS

->Substances which are intermediate between conductors and


insulators are called semiconductors.
-> Example: Silicon, Germanium etc.
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH

->It is the minimum field intensity that should be applied to break


down the insulating property of insulator.
->Dielectric strength of air = 3 106 V/m.
SURFACE CHARGE DENSITY

->The charge per unit area of a conductor is defined as surface charge density.
-> σ =q/A
=Total charge/Area
->When A=1m2,then σ=A.
->1. σ α 1/r2 (i.e.) σ1/σ2=r22 /r21.
2. σ is maximum at pointed surfaces and for plane surfaces it is minimum.
3.Surface Charge Density is maximum at the corners of rectangular laminas and at the vertex of the
conical conductor.
ELECTRIC FLUX

-> The number of electric lines of force crossing a surface normal to the area gives electric flux ϕE.
-> Electric flux through an elementary area ds is defined as the scalar product of area and field.
d\ϕE = Eds cosθ
(Or)ϕE =∫E.ds
-> Electric Flux will be maximum when electric field is normal to the area (dϕ=Eds)
-> Electric Flux will be minimum when field is parallel to area(dϕ=t0)
-> For a closed surface, outward flux is positive and inward flux is negative.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

-> The electric potential at a point in a field is the amount of work done in bringing a unit +ve charge
from infinity to the point. It is equal to the Electric potential energy of unit + ve charge at that point.
-> It is a scalar.
-> S.I unit is volt.
-> Electric Potential at a distance ‘d’ due to a point charge q in air or vacuum is
V =1/4πε0.q/d
-> A positive charge in a field moves from high potential to low potential
whereas electron moves from low potential to high potential when left free. Work done in moving a
charge q through a potential difference V is W = q V joule.

->Gain in the Kinetic energy: 1/2mv2=qV


EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACE

-> A surface on which all points are at the same potential.


-> Electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential
surface
->Work done in moving a charge on the
equipotential surface is zero.
ELECTRON VOLT

-> Two equal and opposite charges separated by a constant distance is called electric
dipole.
-> Symbol is eV.
-> SI Unit is Joule(J).
-> Unit of Energy= 1.602×10-19
DIPOLE MOMENT

-> It is the product of one of the charges and distance between the charges.
-> It is a vector directed from negative charge towards
the positive charge along the line joining the two charges.
->The potential due to an electric dipole on the axial line
is V=1/4πε0.P/(d2-l2) and at any point on the equatorial line it is zero.
COMBINED FIELD DUE TO TWO
POINT CHARGES
-> If charges q1 and q2 are separated by a distance ‘r’, null
point (where resulting field intensity is zero) is formed on the
line joining those two charges.
DUE TO TWO DISSIMILAR CHARGES
:
1.If q1 and q2 are unlike charges then null point is formed on the line joining two charges.
2.Null point is formed outside the charges.
3.Null point is from nearer weak charge.
4. x is the distance of null point from q1(weak charge) then,
q1/x2=q2/(r+x)2
Zero Potential point due to two Charges:
1.If two unlike charges q1 and q2 are separated by a distance ‘r’, the net potential is zero at two points on the
line joining them.
2.One in between them and the other outside the charges.
3.Both the points are nearer to weak charge (q1).
q1/y=q2/(r+y)
ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE

-> The line of force is the path along which a unit +ve charge, accelerates in the electric field.
The tangent at any point to the line of force gives the direction of the field at that point.

-> The number of lines of force passing normally through a unit area around a point is
numerically equal to E.
PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC LINES OF
FORCE
->Two lines of force never intersect.
->The number of lines of force passing normally through a unit area
around a point is numerically equal to E, the strength of the field at the point.
->Lines of force always leave or end normally on a charged
conductor.
->Electric lines of force can never be closed loops.
->Lines of force have a tendency to contract longitudinally and exert
a force of repulsion on one another laterally.

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