Scribd
Upload
167 views20 pages

CHAPTER 6 Valve Timing 13 Two Stroke Engine

This document discusses valve timing and valve gear mechanisms in internal combustion engines. It provides details on the types of valves used, including poppet, sleeve, rotary and disc valves. It then describes the main valve gear mechanisms - side camshaft with pushrod and rockers, overhead camshaft with sliding inverted bucket followers, overhead camshaft with pivoted rocker arms, and overhead camshaft with direct acting tappets. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are summarized. Valve timing diagrams for 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines are also included.

Uploaded by

desie yalew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
167 views20 pages

CHAPTER 6 Valve Timing 13 Two Stroke Engine

This document discusses valve timing and valve gear mechanisms in internal combustion engines. It provides details on the types of valves used, including poppet, sleeve, rotary and disc valves. It then describes the main valve gear mechanisms - side camshaft with pushrod and rockers, overhead camshaft with sliding inverted bucket followers, overhead camshaft with pivoted rocker arms, and overhead camshaft with direct acting tappets. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are summarized. Valve timing diagrams for 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines are also included.

Uploaded by

desie yalew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

CHAPTER 6

VALVE GEAR AND VALVE TIMING


• In internal combustion engines the induction and
exhaust processes give importance to the performance
and efficiency of the engine.
• In the two stroke engine the flow is regulated by the
piston covering and uncovering ports, but in the four
stroke engine the induction and exhaust processes are
controlled through valves.
• The four types of valves used are poppet, sleeve,
rotary, and disc valves.
• The most commonly used valve is the poppet valve.
Valve operating system
Valves
•Valves are essential part of the engine for intake of air fuel mixture and to expel the burnt
gases from the engine cylinder to atmosphere.

•It is normal to have one inlet and one exhaust valve and port
per cylinder. However, twin inlet and exhaust valve-and-port
layouts are also adopted for some high-performance or large
capacity engines. Also, a few engines use twin inlets but only one
exhaust valve.
Intake valves handle cool, low pressure, low density charges
whereas exhaust valves handle hot, high pressure, high density
gases. Therefore, exhaust valves are exposed to more severe
operating conditions, and hence are made from much higher quality
materials than intake valves.
The intake valve needs to be larger than the exhaust valve to
handle the same gas mass (but of low density). From this view
point the size of the exhaust valves is approximately 85% of the
intake valve.
Valves

Valve seat: Valve head is sitting on this circular hard disk to maintain a good leak proof seal
when closed. It has 30 or 45 degrees sit angle.
Valve Guide: Made from good quality bronze material for guiding and lubricating valve stem
during engine operation.
Valve spring: High grade steel is used to load valve to close during dwel period of cam lobe.
Seal:A rubber seal is mounted at the end of valve guide to prevent oil leakage into cylinder
during operation of engine.
Collet:These two semi conical parts are used to lock spring and valve.
Overhead assembly

A. Valve in L-head engine. B. Overhead valve.


Valve Mechanisms
Advantages:
(a) A comparatively simple short timing chain or simple gear
Side Camshaft train can be used.
with Push-rod (b) The rocker arm leverage provides a degree of cam-profile
lift multiplication which can be transferred to the valve stem
and Rockers so that a smaller cam lobe can be used.
(c) Adjustment and maintenance is easy and can be carried
without dismantling any working engine components.

Disadvantages:
(a) During acceleration or operation at high engine speeds,
the push-rod-and-rocker assembly does not relay the exact
cam-profile lift to the valve, because of the elasticity of the
system and the resulting vibrations.

(b) Larger tappet clearances are required for the expansion


and contraction of very long valve-train mechanism during
operation.

(c) Due to the large number of contacting interface joints, the


system develops more wear as well as more noise.
Overhead Advantages:
Camshaft with a (a) This is the most compact and rigid cam-to-valve
Sliding Inverted mechanisms, which directly relay the designed input cam-
profile lift to the valve.
(b) If adequate lubrication is provided, very little wear takes
place since the valve stems are not subjected to side-thrust.
(c) Tappet clearances are generally small and, once adjusted,
are maintained for a very long period.
Disadvantages:
(a) A much more elaborate drive between the crankshaft and
the camshaft is necessary.
(b) Lubrication has to be more accurately controlled and
directed than for other actuating mechanisms.
(c) Adjustment of tappets is relatively more difficult than in
other mechanisms.
Advantages.
Overhead Camshaft (a) The use of the rocker-arm follower provides a leverage ratio
with Pivoted permitting a smaller cam profile in the system.
Rocker-arm (b) The pivot-arm follower has less inertia than that of the
sliding-bucket follower.
(c) A single overhead camshaft can operate two separate rows of
inlet and exhaust valves.
(d) Adjustment of the tappet is normally simple and straight-
forward.
Disadvantages.
(a) Motion from the cam to the valve tends to bend the rocker-
arm;
(b) Contact between the valve and rocker provides a degree of
side-thrust to the valve stem and guide.
(c) Wear and noise is relatively more than in the sliding bucket
follower due to an extra pivot joint in addition to the other two
contact interfaces.
OHC Rocker direct tappet acting
Timing the Valve of an Engine

• (a) Set the crankshaft in the position in which one of the valves should open or close. (It is

usual to work on the opening point of the inlet valve, but any other point can be used.)

• (b) Set the camshaft in the position in which it is about to open the inlet valve (or whatever

point chosen).

• (c) Connect up the drive to the camshaft.

The timing gear or sprocket is keyed to the crankshaft and can be fitted in one position only.

The camshaft gear or sprocket is similarly fixed to the camshaft in such a way that it can be

attached in one position only. By lining up marked teeth on these gears, the crankshaft and

camshaft are placed in the correct positions for connecting up the camshaft drive. These gears

are hidden inside the timing cover when assembled.


Valve timing Diagram for 4 stroke Engine
Valve timing
for Robins DY-23
 Intake valve opens at
16" before TDC.
 Intake valve closes at
54" after BDC.
 Exhaust valve opens at
54" before BDC.
 Exhaust valve closes at
14" after TDC.
Valve timing Diagram for 2 stroke engine
Chapter 13

TWO STROKE ENGINE


SCAVENGING IN TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES

Two-Stroke Engine Configurations

In two-stroke cycle engines, each outward stroke of the piston is a


power stroke. To achieve this operating cycle, the fresh charge must
be supplied to the engine cylinder at a high-enough pressure to
displace the burned gases from the previous cycle. Raising the
pressure of the intake mixture is done in a separate pump or blower
or compressor.

The operation of clearing the cylinder of burned gases and filling it


with fresh mixture (or air)- the combined intake and exhaust process-
is called scavenging. However, air capacity is just as important as in
the four-stroke cycle; usually, a greater air mass flow rate must be
achieved to obtain the same output power.
The different categories of two-stroke cycle scavenging flows and the port
(and valve) arrangements that produce them are illustrated in Figs. 6-23 and 6-24.
Scavenging arrangements are classified into: (a) cross-scavenged, (b) loop scavenged, and
(c) uniflow-scavenged configurations. The location and orientation of the scavenging ports
control the scavenging process, and the most common arrangements are indicated.

Cross and loop-scavenging systems use exhaust and inlet ports in the cylinder wall,
uncovered by the piston as it approaches BC.
The uniflow system may use inlet ports with exhaust valves in the cylinder head or inlet
and exhaust ports with opposed pistons.

Despite the different flow patterns obtained with each cylinder geometry, the general
operating principles are similar.

Air in a diesel, or fuel-air mixture in a spark-ignition engine, must be supplied to the inlet
ports at a pressure higher than the exhaust system pressure.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy