Questions with BE

We put BE (conjujat) before the subject.

Question word/phrase BE Subject

Is she from Moldova?

Are they from the UK?

What is /’s your mother’s name?

are their seats’ number ?

Where is/ ‘s your car?

How old Is she?

How many students are In your class?

How are you?

 Questions with other verbs
We need the auxiliary DO/DOES before the subject.
Question Auxiliary Subject Infinitive
word/phrase A S I
Do you live near here?
Does she
What do you do?

Where does your sister live?

How do you spell your name?

How many dogs does Luisa have?

What kind of does Mike like?

music

Qu (question word) + Auxiliary(do) + Subject (you/she…) + Infinitive

QuASI
1.General truth

2. Habits
(every day/week/year)
Buy - buys
Remember : ASI
A (auxiliary does) + S( subject :I,you,we,they) + I(infinitive)
DOES HE LIKE
DOES YOUR SISTER EAT
 Present Continous
1.For things that are happening now/ at the moment.

Ex. We are having the English class.

2. With longer periods of time to emphasize that the

action is temporary, not a habit.
Ex. They are working at home these months because of
the pandemic.

3. To describe what is happening in a picture

Subject To be (negative form) verb+ing

I am not reading

He is not/isn’t cooking

They are not/ aren’t dancing

To be (present form) Subject Verb + ing

Am I studying?

Are you sleeping?

Is she doing homework?

 We normally use verbs which describe states or feelings
(non-action verbs) in the PRESENT SIMPLE!!!
Ex: I like/want Italian food. I am liking/wanting Italian food.
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_
01_012e?cc=ro&selLanguage=en
 Past simple
The past simple is the most common way of talking about past
events or states which have finished.

 Usually is used with PAST TIME EXPRESSIONS: this

morning,yesterday,last night,last year, last month, last week
 Is the same for all the persons!!!
We add “-ed” at the end of the verb: needed/wanted/booked/
listened
 We use DID (?) and DIDN’T(-)to make questions and negative
sentences.
? Did you book__ the tickets to Argentina?
- I didn’t book__ the hotel for our holiday in the UK.
  In English we have a list of verbs that are irregulars which
Change their form for past simple!!!
Do-did
is,are-was,were
Have-had
Go-went
Get-got

 In questions and negative sentences, the irregulars keep their

form in infinitive because there is an auxiliary (did/didn’t)
Ex. Did you go shopping last weekend?
Did you went shopping last weekend?
She didn’t drink at the party.
She didn’t drank at the party.
1. We place the adverbs of frequency before the main verb (in present simple)
Ex. I always go to work on foot.
He doesn’t usually drink coffee for breakfast.
They never eat cakes after 6pm.

2. We put A.F. after the verb “to be”

Ex. The children aren’t usually tired after school.
I am always on time for class.

3. With HARDLY EVER and NEVER, we use a positive verb:

Ex: He never drinks wine at work. He never doesn’t drink wine.
They never go to bar on Mondays. They never don’t go to bar.

4. Expressions of frequency usually go at the end of a sentence or verb phrase:

EX:She doesn’t go to work every day.
We have English classes three times a week.
wasn’t
 BE GOING TO
1. When we have already decided or we INTEND to do something in the future.
(Prior Plan)
The decision has been made before the moment of speaking.
ex: I'm going to accept the job offer.

2. When there are definite signs that something is going to happen. (Evidence)
Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or experience you
have.
ex:I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.
I don't feel well. I think I'm going to throw up. (throw up = vomit)

3. When something is about to happen:

ex:Get back! The bomb is going to explode.

Structure
 BE GOING TO PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 Future arrangements
but they are indefinite:

Ex. I am going to meet my friends

next week.  Definite future arrangements and plans
we have made at a fixed time and place
Plan made BUT where X in the future.
when X
Ex. I am meeting my friends on Friday, in
our favourite pub.

Plan made and where

when
 Relative clauses
What is a relative clause?

We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to

give more information about something.
ex. Marie Curie is a French woman. She discovered radium.
Marie Curie is a French woman who discovered radium.
Preceding noun Relative pronoun
Person Who
Thing Which
Place Where
Person/thing That

The verb after WHERE needs a subject:

ex.The bank where you pay the bills
 Present Perfect
1. Present perfect: Something happend in the past and is
important for the present.
ex. Tom has lost his keys. He can't start his car now.

2. The present perfect describes an action that was completed in

the very recent past
ex. I have just finished my work.

3.The action started in the past and continues in the present.

ex.We have worked in London since 2010.
 • JUST
He has seen that movie./ He’s seen the movie.
• ALREADY
I have eaten sushi • YET
• EVER
• NEVER

He has not/hasn’t seen that movie.

I have not/ haven’t eaten sushi

When has he seen that movie? Yes, I have.

Have you eaten sushi No, I haven’t
Comparatives
Adjectives
(to compare two people, places,objects)
1. COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
2. LESS + ADJECTIVE
3. (NOT) AS +ADJ+ AS

Adverbs
(to compare two actions)
1. COMPARATIVE ADVERB
2. LESS + ADVERB
3. (NOT) AS + ADVERB + AS
 !!! We use comparative
adjectives + THAN
to compare people and
things

Ex:
1. I am happier than before.
2. She is less happier than she used to be
3. They seem to be as happy as before.

Tired - more tired Tireder

Comparative Adverbs

Ex.
1. He drives more slowly than when he was young.
2. This Monday was less hard than the previous one
3. They played as well as they could, but they lost.
 The superlative
A. Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower
limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in
sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.
We use THE + SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE
ex. Tokyo is the cleanest capital in the world.

B. Often, after the superlative we use IN+ names of places or singular words for groups:
ex. Jake is the tallest in the class.

C. We can also use the least +adj:

ex. The least expensive phone = the cheapest
the least noisy city = the quietest city
We also can use THE + SUPERLATIVE ADJ with present PERFECT:
ex. Bali is the most beautiful place I’ve ever visited.
Chinese food is the weirdest food we’ve ever tried.

There are some irregular superlative forms:

https://www.liveworksheets.com/yy51559ad