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Lecture 7. Gerund and To Infinitive

This document discusses the differences between gerunds, to-infinitives, and bare infinitives in English grammar. It provides examples of verbs that are commonly followed by each form. Gerunds are usually used after verbs like "stop", "keep", and "enjoy". To-infinitives are used after verbs like "want", "agree", and "pretend". Bare infinitives follow verbs like "see", "hear", and "make". The document also includes exercises for readers to practice identifying and using these verb forms in sentences.

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Ersika Puspita Dani
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165 views7 pages

Lecture 7. Gerund and To Infinitive

This document discusses the differences between gerunds, to-infinitives, and bare infinitives in English grammar. It provides examples of verbs that are commonly followed by each form. Gerunds are usually used after verbs like "stop", "keep", and "enjoy". To-infinitives are used after verbs like "want", "agree", and "pretend". Bare infinitives follow verbs like "see", "hear", and "make". The document also includes exercises for readers to practice identifying and using these verb forms in sentences.

Uploaded by

Ersika Puspita Dani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gerund and To Infinitive

By:
Ersika Puspita Dani, S. Pd, M. Hum.
TO-INFINITIVE, BARE-INFINITIVE & GERUND

--In a sentence, if a verb is used after the main verb, it can be in 3


different forms:

1. To-infinitive
e.g. I want to eat something.
(verb) (to-infinitive)

2. Bare-infinitive
e.g. I saw him cry yesterday.
(verb) (bare-inf)

3. Gerund
e.g. I like swimming.
(verb) (gerund)
(1) TO-INFINITIVE
Agree offer decide appear forget fail promise tell
refuse seem plan attempt learn hope afford ask
threaten want arrange pretend allow tend manage dare

-- ‘To-infinitive’ is usually used after the above verbs


As subject : To live in Jakarta is expensive
As the word explained noun : We have some problems to discuss this week.
As the word explained adjective : This bread is delicious to eat
As the word explained wh words: I don’t know how to go home
As the word followed by to infinitive: He agreed to discuss the problem with me
Is used to show the purpose: He came here to meet you
e.g. I agreed to cooperate with them.
(verb) (to-infinitive)

He wants to buy this computer.


(verb) (to-inf)
(2) BARE-INFINITIVE

see , notice, observe, watch, hear, feel, smell, make, let

-- ‘Bare-infinitive’ is usually used after the above verbs.


-- An ‘object’ is usually placed between the ‘verb’ and ‘bare-
infinitive’.

e.g. She saw him steal your purse yesterday.


(verb) (object) (bare-inf)

They heard someone knock the door.


(verb) (object) (bare-inf)
(3) GERUND
stop keep postpone admit consider miss delay
finish mind imagine deny involve fancy regret
avoid risk practise enjoy suggest can’t help

-- ‘Gerund’ is usually used after the above verbs.


 As a subject: Swimming makes our bodies healthy
 Is used to follow the verb: They enjoy watching the film.
 Is used to behind the preposition; verb, adjective, and noun:
verb + preposition: I am thinking of going to Bali with you
Adjective + preposition: Sandra is afraid of discussing her problems
with you.
Noun + preposition: you have no reason for leaving your family.
 As a complement: my hobby is reading novels
 As explaining noun: you can wait for me in the waiting room
e.g. Do you mind opening the door?
(verb) (gerund)
I won’t risk doing this.
(verb) (gerund)
Fill in the blanks by using ‘to-inf’, ‘bare-inf’ or ‘gerund’.

making
1. Could you please stop ____________(make) so much noise?
2. Tom refused ____________(lend)
to lend me any money.
3. Don’t let them ____________(try)
try this dangerous game!
4. I don’t enjoy ____________
writing (write) letters.
5. Miss Lee was very strict. No one dared ____________ (talk) during her
to talk
lessons.
6. I ‘ve arranged ____________(play)
to play tennis tomorrow afternoon.
7. Tom made Ann ____________(cry) yesterday.
cry
8. Have you finished ____________(wash) your hair yet?
washing
9. Ann offered ____________(look) after our children while we were out.
to look
10.He admitted _____________(steal) our car.
stealing
11.She doesn’t want ____________(go) home now.
to go
12.It is not allowed ____________(talk) in the library.
to talk
13.Would you mind ____________(answer) me some questions?
answering
14.They are watching their children ____________(play).
play
Questions
1. Could you please stop ____________so much noise?
a. makes c. to make
b. made d. making
2. Tom refused ____________me any money.
a. to lend c. lending
b. lends d. lended
3. We know how _______the machine.
a. operates c. operating
b. to operate d. operated
4. The teacher starts ________about the issue.
a. to think c. thought
b. thinking d. thinks

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