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21st Century Literatures From The Philippines and The World

This document provides an overview of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial times to the present. It outlines the major periods and influences: 1) Pre-Colonial Period with oral traditions, 2) Spanish Colonial Period which introduced Christianity and the Spanish language, 3) American Colonial Period where English became prominent, 4) Contemporary Period after WWII with themes of nationalism, and 5) sub-periods from 1970-present exploring periods of activism, martial law, and contemporary works. Key writers and works are mentioned for each period to show how literature both shaped and reflected major historical events and social changes in the Philippines.

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Alex Abonales Dumandan
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2K views39 pages

21st Century Literatures From The Philippines and The World

This document provides an overview of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial times to the present. It outlines the major periods and influences: 1) Pre-Colonial Period with oral traditions, 2) Spanish Colonial Period which introduced Christianity and the Spanish language, 3) American Colonial Period where English became prominent, 4) Contemporary Period after WWII with themes of nationalism, and 5) sub-periods from 1970-present exploring periods of activism, martial law, and contemporary works. Key writers and works are mentioned for each period to show how literature both shaped and reflected major historical events and social changes in the Philippines.

Uploaded by

Alex Abonales Dumandan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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21st Century Literatures from the

Philippines and the World


GRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC, AND ETHNIC
DIMENSIONS
OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY

Alex A. Dumandan
Objectives
Define literature from various writers

Understand literature from pre-colonial to contemporary


periods.

Make a graphical timeline focusing on how the


literatures for each literary period proliferated.
What is literature?
The word literature is
derived from the Latin
term litera which means
letter. It has been defined
differently by various
writers.
Literature expresses the
feelings of people to society, to
the government, to his
surroundings, to his fellowmen,
and to his Divine Creator.
(Brother Azurin)
Literature is anything that is
printed as long as it is related to
the ideas and feelings of the
people, whether it is true, or just
a product of one’s imagination.
(Webster)
“True literature is a piece of written
work which is undying. It expresses the
feelings and emotions of people in
response to his everyday efforts to live,
to be happy in his environment and,
after struggles, to reach his Creator”
(PANITIKANG FILIPINO)
r y
st o
H i
y
r n e s
r a pi n
te ti o i p
i
L ol u i l
v P h
/E the
of
Complete the timeline in the Philippine Literature

1986-
900–1521 1565-1897 1898-1945 1946 1970-1972 1972-1980 1981-1985
present

D E H B G F C A
A. Rebirth of Freedom F. Period of the New Society
B. The Contemporary Period G. Period of Activism
C. Period of the Third Republic H. The American Colonial Period
D. Pre-Colonial Period
E. The Spanish Colonial Period
1. Pre-Colonial Period
The evolution of Philippine literature depended on the influences of colonization and the
spirit of the age.
The first Filipino alphabet called BAYBAYIN was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
Indigenous Philippine literature was based on traditions and customs of a particular area of
the country.
Philippines is an archipelago country, consisting several islands, (7,107 islands to be exact),
and each of those islands has its specifications of cultures and traditions, bearing different
set of native literature.
Ancient literatures were written on the perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo
cylinder, and bark of the trees.
Literatures were handed down to us through the word of mouth.
Written Oral literatures
literatures
2. The Spanish Colonial Period
(1565-1897)
Sixteenth Century was the start of the
deprivation of the indigenous Philippine
literature. Spanish colonial government
finally got in the scene. They were able to
manipulate literature by monopolizing it
under the religious orders. Literature
evolves mainly on the themes of Spanish/
European culture and of course, the
Roman Catholic religion.
Literary Influences during
Spanish colonization
Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Christiana was the first
book ever printed in the Philippines in 1593 by the
Dominican press.

Libro de la Lengua Tagala by Fernando


Bagongbanta .Tagalog translations to the Spanish
lines, still the superiority of the Spanish language.
Pasyon influenced by the Spanish
contexts of Christianity, at least they
embodied several Filipino sentiments
and values (the feeling of Filipino
mother towards a suffering son).
Filipino writers in Spanish became conscious for the
search for freedom
Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso by Marcelo H. del Pilar expressed his
rebellious writing style was identified.

Pascual Poblete’s Patnubay sa Binyagan associated Filipinos’ struggle for


independence with Jesus’ life.
The narrative poems Awit and Corrido talked about world of royals,
warriors and lovers (the basic concept in Florante at Laura).

Komedya. Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura embodied the concept of


colonization and oppression which gave voice to their revolutionary
action towards freedom.
The American Colonial
Period (1898-1945)
Mariang Makiling
Salaysay ni Gat. Jose P. Rizal ng
hilagang Luzon
Philippine literature in Spanish was starting to lose its track on the first
decade.
The poems of Fernando Ma. Guerrero (Crisalidas), Balmori’s Se deshojo la
Flor novel, and many others discussed revolution and sentiments for
patriotism and reform proved that Philippine literature was used to claim
freedom from the colonizers.
Even if Philippine literature was in English, the preservation of the
content for Filipino experiences was achieved.
Short story writers in English like Manuel Arguilla in his “A Son is Born,”
was one of the foundations of the Philippine literature, not in Tagalog or
in Spanish, but during this time, in English. Poetry in English was also
founded.
Sarzuela was overpowered by English drama.
The Contemporary Period (1946 to present)
The State of Literature during this
Period
The early post-liberation period was
marked by a kind of “struggle of mind
and spirit” posed by the sudden
emancipation from the enemy, and the
wild desire to see print.
a. Heart of The Islands (1947) – a collection of poems by Manuel Viray
b. Philippines Cross Section (1950) – a collection of prose and poetry by Maximo Ramos and
Florentino Valeros
c. Prose and Poems (1952) – by Nick Joaquin
d. Philippine Writing (1953) – by T.D. Agcaoili
e. Philippine Havest – by Amador Daguio
f. Horizons Least (1967) – a collection of works by the professors of UE, mostly in English (short
stories, essays, research papers, poem and drama) by Artemio Patacsil and Silverio Baltazar. The
themes of most poems dealt with the usual love of nature, and of social and political problems.
Toribia Maño’s poems showed deep emotional intensity.
g. Who Spoke of Courage in His Sleep – by NVM Gonzales
h. Speak Not, Speak Also – by Conrado V. Pedroche
i. Other poets were Toribia Maño and Edith L. Tiempo, Jose Garcia Villa’s Have Come, Am Here has
won acclaim both here and abroad
The New Filipino Literature during this Period
a. Period of Activism (1970-1972)
The Literary Revolution
The youth became completely rebellious during this period.
This was proven not only in the bloody demonstrations and in
the sidewalk expressions but also in literature. Campus
newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once
aristocratic writers developed awareness for society. They
held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of
the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!).
Writing During the Period of Activism
The irreverence for the poor reached its peak
during this period of the mass revolution. It was
also during this period that Bomba films that
discredit our ways as Filipinos started to come
out.
b. Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
The period of the New Society started on September 21,
1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual
awards. Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the
development or progress of the country –like the Green
Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug
addiction and pollution. The New Society tried to stop
pornography or those writings giving bad influences on the
morals of the people. All school newspapers were temporarily
stopped and so with school organizations.
c. Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)
After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of
the Filipino which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was
at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
1. Filipino Poetry • Poems during this period of the Third Republic
were romantic and revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of their
criticism against the government. The supplications of the people
were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane and insulting
language.

2. Filipino Songs • Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that


were really true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for
freedom, love of God, of country and of fellowmen.
d. Rebirth of Freedom (1986-present)
Newspapers and other Publications
Newspapers which were once branded crony newspapers
became instant opposition papers overnight. This was true
of BULLETIN TODAY which became the opposition paper.

Books
The Philippine revolution of 1986 and the fire of its spirit
that will carry the Filipinos through another epoch in
Philippine history is still being documented just as they
have been in the countless millions who participated in
body and spirit in its realization.
REFERRENCES
Baronda, Andrew john C. 2016. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World. Manila, Philippines. JFS Publishing Services

Cabanilla, Josefina Q. 1991, Third Year Phoenix English for Secondary Schools.
927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Gorgon, Eugenia R. et. al. 2007. English Expressways Textbook for Third Year. G.
Araneta Avenue, Quezon City. SD Publications, Inc.
SALAMAT SA PAKIKINIG!

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