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Shear Center 1

The document defines shear center and explains how it is the point where a load can be applied such that the cross-section only undergoes bending with no twisting. It discusses how the shear center coincides with the centroid for sections with two axes of symmetry, and lies on the axis of symmetry for sections with one axis. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating shear flow and stresses for given loading conditions, as well as determining the location of the shear center.

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Opu Debnath
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4K views19 pages

Shear Center 1

The document defines shear center and explains how it is the point where a load can be applied such that the cross-section only undergoes bending with no twisting. It discusses how the shear center coincides with the centroid for sections with two axes of symmetry, and lies on the axis of symmetry for sections with one axis. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating shear flow and stresses for given loading conditions, as well as determining the location of the shear center.

Uploaded by

Opu Debnath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHEAR CENTER

Definition:
Shear Center is a point through which if the external load
passes, then there will not be any twisting of the section. In
other words, section will only be subjected to bending. It
won't be subjected to Torsion.

Shear center of a section can


be defined as a point about
which the applied force is
balanced by the set of shear
forces obtained by summing
the shear stresses over the
section.
6-1
SHEAR CENTER
1. In case of a beam having two axes of symmetry, the shear
center coincides with the centroid.

2. In case of sections having one axis of symmetry, the shear


center does not coincide with the centroid but lies on the axis
of symmetry.

3. When the load passes through the shear center then there
will be only bending in the cross section and no twisting.

6-2
SHEAR FLOW
Definition:
If the shearing stress τ is multiplied by the width b, we obtain
a quantity q, known as the shear flow, which represents the
longitudinal force per unit length transmitted across a section
VQ V c
  shear stress   yda
Ib Ib y 0
VQ
q  shear flow
I

6-3
SHEAR ON HORIZONTAL FACE
• Consider prismatic beam
• For equilibrium of beam element
 Fx  0  H    C   D  dA
A

M D  MC
H 
I  y dA
A

• Note,
Q   y dA
A
dM
M D  MC  x  V x
dx

• Substituting,
VQ
H  x
I
H VQ
q   shear flow
x I

6-4
SHEAR ON HORIZONTAL FACE
• Shear flow,
H VQ
q   shear flow
x I
• where
Q   y dA
A
 first moment of area above y1
2
I  y dA
A  A'
 second moment of full cross section

• Same result found for lower area


H  VQ
q     q
x I
Q  Q  0
 first moment with respect
to neutral axis
H    H
6-5
EXAMPLE
A beam is made of three planks, nailed
together. Knowing that the spacing
between nails is 25 mm and that the
vertical shear in the beam is V = 500
N, determine the shear force in each
nail.

1. Determine the horizontal force per unit length or shear


flow q on the lower surface of the upper plank.
2. Calculate the corresponding shear force in each nail

6-6
The horizontal force per unit length or
shear flow q on the lower surface of
the upper plank.

VQ (500 N)(120  106 m3 )


q 
I 16.20  10-6 m 4
Q  Ay  3704 N
m
  0.020 m  0.100 m  0.060 m 
 120  106 m3
• Calculate the corresponding shear
1  0.020 m  0.100 m 
I  12 3
force in each nail for a nail spacing
1  0.100 m  0.020 m  3
 2[12
of 25 mm.
F  (0.025 m)q  (0.025 m)(3704 N m
  0.020 m  0.100 m  0.060 m  2 ]
F  92.6 N
 16.20  106 m 4

6-7
UNSYMMETRIC LOADING OF THIN-
WALLED MEMBERS
• Beam loaded in a vertical plane
of symmetry deforms in the
symmetry plane without
twisting.
My VQ
x    ave 
I It

• Beam without a vertical plane


of symmetry bends and twists
under loading.
My VQ
x    ave 
I It

6-8
UNSYMMETRIC LOADING OF THIN-
WALLED MEMBERS
• If the shear load is applied such that the beam
does not twist, then the shear stress distribution
satisfies
VQ D B E
 ave  V   q ds F   q ds    q ds   F 
It B A D

• F and F’ indicate a couple Fh and the need for


the application of a torque as well as the shear
load.
F h  Ve

• When the force P is applied at a distance e to the


left of the web centerline, the member bends in
a vertical plane without twisting.

6-9
EXAMPLE
• Determine the location for the shear center of the
channel section with b = 4 in., h = 6 in., and t = 0.15 in.
Fh
e
I
• where
b b VQ
Vb h
F   q ds   ds   st ds
0 0 I I0 2
Vthb 2

4I
1 3 1 3 h 
2
I  I web  2 I flange  th  2 bt  bt   
12 12  2  
1 th 2  6b  h 
 12

• Combining,
b 4 in.
e  e  1.6 in.
h 6 in.
2 2
3b 3 4 in.
6 - 10
EXAMPLE
• Determine the shear stress distribution for
V = 2.5 kips.
q VQ
 
t It
• Shearing stresses in the flanges,
VQ V h Vh
   st   s
It It 2 2I
Vhb 6Vb
B 
12  
2 1 th 2  6b  h  th 6b  h 
6 2.5 kips  4 in 
  2.22 ksi
 0.15 in  6 in  6  4 in  6 in 
• Shearing stress in the web,

 max  
 
VQ V 8 ht  4b  h  3V  4b  h 
1

It 1
12
th  6b  h  t 2th 6b  h 
2

3 2.5 kips 4  4 in  6 in 
  3.06 ksi
2 0.15 in  6 in  6  6 in  6 in 
6 - 11
EXAMPLE
Determine the shear center for the section shown in figure
EXAMPLE
For the beam and loading shown, determine:
(a) the location and magnitude of the maximum transverse shear force
'Vmax',
(b) the shear flow 'q' distribution due the 'Vmax',
(c) the 'x' coordinate of the shear center measured from the centroid,
(d) the maximum shear stress and its location on the cross section.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE

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