Attitude &

Values
Prepared by:
Mr. Sean G. Dimarunsing
Ms. Angela D. Sonon
 CONTENTS

Definition &
Formation of
Concept of
Attitude
Attitude

1 2 3 4

Attitude and its Values

Components
 Definition &
01 Concept of
Attitude
 Attitude
The attitude is the evaluative statements
or judgments concerning objects,
people, or events.

Attitude is a tendency to feel and

behave in a particular way towards
objects, people or
events.
“Attitude as a mental and neutral state of readiness,
organized through experience, exerting a
directive or dynamic influence upon the
individual’s response to all objects and
situations with which it is related”.
—Gordon Allport
 Attitudes are evaluating
statements either favorable
or unfavorable which are
concerned
about the objects and people
An attitude is the or events.
Attitude is a
predisposition of the
individual psychological predisposition to
structure of beliefs respond to a
which are to be evaluated a
certain set of
favorable or an unfavorable
facts.
manner.
Characteristics of
Attitude
Attitudes are
different from
They tend to persist values. Values refers
unless something is to the ideals,
done to change Attitudes are directed whereas attitudes
Attitudes can fall
toward some object about
them. anywhere along a are narrows,
which a person has
continuum from very feelings
favorable to very (sometimes called
unfavorable. “affect”) and beliefs.
 02
Attitudes and its
Components
 Cognitive Affective Behavioral
Component Component Component

Components of Attitudes
 Functions of Attitudes
The Adjustment Function Value-Expressive Function

Attitudes often help people to adjust to their Attitudes provide individuals with a basis for
work environment. expressing their values.

Ego-Defensive Function The Knowledge Function

Attitudes help people to retain their Attitudes provide standards and frames of reference that
dignity and self-image. allow people to understand
and perceive the world around him.
 Formation of
Attitude 03
1. Direct Experience with the Object
2. Classical Conditioning and Attitudes
3. Operant Conditioning and Attitude
Acquisition
4. Vicarious Learning
5. Family and Peer Groups
6. Economic Status and Occupations
1. Direct Experience with the
Object

It is one way to be developed

from a personally rewarding or
punishing experience
with an object.
 2. Classical conditioning and
attitudes

It learns through people and develops

attitudes with associations between
various
objects and the emotional reactions
that accompany them.
3. Operant Conditioning and
Attitude Acquisition

It involves to person who states

an attitude which elicits ridicule
from others may
modify or abandon the attitude.
 4. Vicarious Learning

It involves to a person who

learns something through the
observance of others.
5. Family and Peer Groups

A person may learn attitudes

through imitation of parents.
 6. Economic Status and
Occupations

Our economic and occupational

positions also contribute to
attitude formation.
CHANGING ATTITUDES OF EMPLOYEES

Employees’ attitudes can be changed and sometimes it is in the best

interests of managements
in an organization and its employees.

However, the process of changing the attitude is not always easy task
to management.
In this circumstance, there are some barriers which have to be
overcome if one strives to
change somebody’s attitude in an organization.
Some of the Possible Ways of Changing
and Measurement of Attitudes

• Providing New Information

• Use of Fear
• Resolving Discrepancies
• Influence of Friends and Peers
• Co-opting
Providing New Information

Sometimes a dramatic change in

attitude is possible only by
providing relevant and
adequate information to the
person concerned.
 Use of Fear
Attitudes can be changed through
the use of fear.

People might resort to change their

work habit for the fear of
unpleasant
consequences.
 Resolving Discrepancies

It refers to the people; whenever

they face a dilemma or conflicting
situation they
feel confused in choosing a
particular course of action.
 Influence of Friends and Peers

A very effective way of changing one’s

attitude is through his friends and
colleagues.
Their opinion and recommendation for
something often proves to be more
important.
 Co-opting

If you want to change the

attitude of somebody who
belongs to a different group, it
is often becomes very effective
if you can include him in your
own group.
 Organizational
Job Satisfaction Job Involvement Commitment

Types of Attitudes
 • It is a collection of positive and/or negative feelings that
an individual holds toward
his or her job.

Job Satisfaction
• Refers to an individual’s general attitude towards his or
her job.

• It is identifying with the job, actively participating in it,

and considering performance
important to self-worth.
Job Involvement
It refers to individual work performance in an organization.

• It is identifying with a particular organization and its

goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the
Organizational organization.

Commitment • It refers to individual person who identifies with her/his

organization and
commitment towards the job and pride to work in an
organization.
 04
VALUES
Ms. Angela D. Sonon
 Values
Values refer to the basic convictions that a specific
mode of conduct or end-state of existence
is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or
converse mode of conduct or end-state
of existence.
 “Value as a “concept of the desirable, an internalized criterion or
standard of evaluation a
person possesses. Such concepts and standards are relatively few and
determine or guide an
individual’s evaluations of the many objects encountered in everyday
life”.

—David A Bednar
 Importance of Values

• Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals

and cultures.
• Influence our perception of the world around us.
• Represent interpretations of “right” and “wrong.”
• Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others.
Instrumental
Terminal Values
Values

Types of Values
 Instrumental
Values

Instrumental values relate to a single belief

which always takes the form like as
honesty,
courage, etc., is personally and socially
preferably in all situations with respect to
all objects.

In another words, it is a tool or means of

acquiring a terminal value.
 Terminal Values

It is desirable end-states of existence; the

goals that a person would like to achieve
during his
or her lifetime.

It takes it in the form of a comparable form

like as salvation, world at peace
etc., are personally and socially worth for
striving of individual values.
 Types of Attitudes

Theoretical Economic Aesthetic Social Political Religious

• Basically values are learned and acquired primarily through

experiences with people and social institutions.
• For instance, parents will influence on their children’s values.
Apart from this, environment is also influence to people.
Values and Behavior
Values can be affected through behavior of employees view, it constitutes right or wrong in an organization.
However, the diversity of work forces in an organization which makes it
imperative that time managers can be understand difference in values. On the whole thing, we can understand of
values, it is useful to manage in the following ways:

Values serve as foundations for attitudes

Values and ethics

Values affect both attitude and behavior

Re-examining the established values poses challenges for

modern management

Individuals hold their own interpretation of right and

wrong
Similarities between values and attitudes
The major similarities between values and attitudes are listed
below:

 Both are learned or acquired from the same sources in terms of

experience with people, objects and events in an organization.

 Both affect cognitive process and behavior of people in an

organization.

 Both are endurable and difficult to change in an organization.

 Both influence each other and more often than not, are used
interchangeably in an organization.
 Differences between Value and Attitude

Values Attitude

Value represents judgment idea like what is It exhibit predisposition to respond in an

wrong or right organization.

It refers to single belief focused on It refers to several beliefs which are relating
objects or situations. to a specific object or situation.

Values are derived from social and cultural. It is one’s personal experience.
 Thanks!
Prepared by:
Mr. Sean G. Dimarunsing
Ms. Angela D. Sonon