Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

International Seminar-Workshop in
Educational Management and School Leadership

“Enhancing the School’s Learning

Environment within a Well-
Functioning School-Based
Management System”

Domingo L. Laud, EdD

Chief Janitor
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Session Objectives:
1. Identify SBM Systems in a global setting that operate within
the principles of strategy development and decision-making.
2. Evaluate school leadership and management practices that
are relevant in designing local systems in SBM for improved
strategy development and decision-making in the local
setting.
3. Organize a school framework on effective and efficient
educational management and leadership that can guide
education stakeholders in improving the quality of
involvement of learners, teachers and school leaders in
strategy development and decision-making
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SITUATION:

Welcome!!!!
Dr. Juan Ang Pag-Asa
Principal IV
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

The DepEd Vision

We dream of Filipinos who ________ love their

country and whose ___________ and _________
enable them to realize their full potential and
___________ meaningfully to __________ the
nation.

As a learner centered public institution, the

Department of Education ___________ improves
itself to better serve its stakeholders.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Our equitable,
To protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality,
culture-based, and complete basic education where:
Mission
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Our Core
Values
Maka-Diyos
Maka-Tao
Maka-
Kalikasan
Maka-Bansa
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Guided by DepED VMCV, how far

have you been making initiatives
to institutionalize collaboration
with other education stakeholders
to improve learning outcomes?
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

 Social responsibility is an
ethical concept in which
individuals are
accountable for fulfilling
their civic duty; the
actions of an individual
must benefit the society.

 Social responsibility is
built on a system of
ethics, in which decisions
and actions must be
ethically validated before
https://daily-sun.com/post/421799/2019/09/08/Education-and-social-responsibility proceeding.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
The practice of social responsibility does
not limit only to educational institutions,
societies or the state, families are also
responsible for all the impacts that cause
their operations towards their publics, the
society at large and the environment.

Teachers are important pieces in a

responsible learning process that
includes the involvement of
stakeholders like local communities
and the government. 

The four focused areas: responsible educational institutions,

professional and citizen formation, knowledge management and
social participation, are always interconnected to promote the
development of responsible processes and practices.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What are the global issues and

problems affecting our society
which you believe are causing
setbacks in our school
system?

How should governments,

societies, institutions and
schools manage them?
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Getting involved:
1. I am _________ the
challenges our school is
experiencing today?
a. aware of
b. planning to work on
c. the cause of
d. not interested on
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Getting involved:
2. I know that __________.
a.our SH must own the problems of
our school.
b.challenges are normal in every
school
c. everybody is a leader in the school
d.our needs are different today
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Getting involved:
3. We work together emphasizing
__________ with stakeholders.
a.curriculum implementation
b.high performance indicators
c.assessment of learning
d.needs and interests of learners
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

As an EFFECTIVENESS
organization is the central concern.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Tal Gur
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Understanding DepED K to 12
Effectiveness Framework Indicators
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Home, School and Community

PARTNERSHIPS
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Home, School and Community

PARTNERSHIPS
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Home, School and Community

PARTNERSHIPS
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Home, School and Community

PARTNERSHIPS
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

The School as an
ORGANIZATION

“A social unit of people,

systematically structured
and managed to meet a need
or to pursue collective goals
on a continuing basis.”  
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.html
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
The School as an
ORGANIZATION
“All organizations have a management
structure that determines relationships
between functions and positions, and
subdivides and delegates roles,
responsibilities, and authority to carry
out defined tasks. Organizations are
open systems in that they affect and are
affected by the environment beyond
their boundaries.”  

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.html
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURES

how organizations
function in terms of what
happens both within an
organization and how an
organization functions
within its external
environment.

https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an-introduction-to-organizational-communication
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

MATRIX STRUCTURE FLATARCHY

GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE
Blending a functional structure
and a flat structure, which
allows for more decision
making among the levels of an
organization and, overall,
flattens out the vertical
https://online.pointpark.edu/business/types-of-organizational-structures/
appearance of a hierarchy.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

ORGANIZATIONAL
GOALS

Edward E. Gross, 1969

The British Journal of Sociology
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What critical decisions are involved in

determining management goals?

#who will manage the organization

#how to handle conflict management
#output goal prioritization

https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an-introduction-to-organizational-communication
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What social realities of organizations

somehow impede your school in effectively
realizing goals thru SBM?
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

5 DYSFUNCTIONS OF A TEAM
Patrick Lencioni
What can you say about your TEAM?
1.Do your team members openly and
readily disclose their opinions?
2.Are your team meetings compelling and
productive?
3.Does your team come to decisions
quickly and avoid getting bogged down by
consensus?

4.Do your team members confront one

another about their shortcomings?

5.Do your team members sacrifice their

own interests for the good of the team?
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Leadership & Governance Curriculum & Learning

Resource Management Accountability & CI

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

A Child- and Community-Centered Education System

Strengthening the Practice of School-Based Management
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Key Dimensions of
Family-School Partnerships
communicating
connecting learning at home
and at school
building community and identity
recognizing the role of the family
consultative decision-making
collaborating beyond the school
participating
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

TYPES OF
INVOLVEMENT:
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DepEd (Other Schools, SDO, RO, CO)

ASSESS

SESELF
LF -M
G
CT G

-M A
IN
LE TIN

AN NA
EF C
-R LE

AG GIN
NURTURING

LF EF
Learning

IN G
SELF-R

G
Action Action

TR
E
SE
Research

BL
Cell

US
M
NI

TED
Holistically-
NGAs, LGUs, & Developed
Development Filipinos with Community,
Partners MO NGOs, & CSOs

E
21stst Century

TIV
DE
Skills

EC
RN

OT
PR
ACT PROFESSIONAL
PLAN

Work Process
Improvement

SELF-IMPROVING

SELF-IMPROVING

DepED Proposed SBM Framework

Business Sector and Industries
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

School-Based Management (SBM)

Decentralization the delegation of
SBM is the power from a central authority to
regional and local authorities
decentralization of (Merriam-Webster)

decision-making
authority from the
central, regional,
division, district to
schools.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

School-Based Management
underscores the empowerment of the
stakeholders in school communities

to enable them to actively participate in the

continuous improvement of schools

towards the attainment of

higher pupil/student
learning
outcomes.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

School-Based Management
SBM emphasizes the individual
school as the primary unit for
improving education and the
redistribution of decision-making
authority over school operations
as the primary means by which
this improvement can be
stimulated and sustained.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

We provide opportunities for

collective decision-making.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

SBM has the potential to be a

low cost way of making public
spending on education more
efficient by increasing the
accountability of the agents
involved and by empowering the
clients to improve learning
outcomes.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Sharing of accountability
expands leadership circle.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

At the school level, school

head, teachers, students,
and school staff work
together with the community
leaders, local government
officials, and other
stakeholders to improve
school performance.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Our learners serve as the reason of

assessing school performance.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What should
schools and
stakeholders
engage?
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

To encompass the diverse realities of learning contexts

defined and uniquely occurring within specific geographic,
social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental
make-up of the contemporary society.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

To enhance commitment of
education stakeholders at
all levels to their
responsibilities and
accountabilities in realizing
the education outcomes for
children.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

To further promote shared governance between the

school and community
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

To improve the school system’s capacity to

be on track in achieving goals and sustain
good performance.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

The SIP is an important element of SBM

Further devolves Empowers

governance of school teams
education to schools and personnel

Makes delivery of
Expands community
education services
participation and
more responsive,
involvement
efficient, and effective
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
One of the key principles of
continuous improvement is
- Understanding and That’s why it’s important
improving current systems to know the process, to
and processes know what are being
done in the school

Also, you must

document what
you do as a
process…
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Steps of Process Mapping, Analysis

and Improvement (PDMAI)

Process Process Analysis Process

Documentation/ Improvement
Mapping
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Documentation/Mapping of Critical School Processes
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
Map the Process Identify Strengths Identify Recommend &
Opportunities for implement Action
Improvement Steps to Address
(OFIs) OFIs
Systematic, there is There is lack of Get the voice of the
Develop logical flow of the evidence, i.e. lack students/learners
Curriculum sub- of feedback from (get feedback
Instruction processes/steps students/learners, through FGD, KII,
parents, home visitation)
community.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

A study conducted to
evaluate the job
recruitment, placement and
promotion program of public
secondary schools of
Pangasinan Divisions I and
II for the period SY 2002-
2003 to SY 2006-2007 using
the Context, Input, Process,
Product (CIPP) Model of
Evaluation devised by
Stufflebeam.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
How should schools strategically decide?

Assess Analyze Act

Step 1: Get Organized Step 5: Do root cause Step 8: Pilot Your
analysis Solution
Step 2: Talk with
Customers/Stake- Step 6: Develop Step 9: Roll Out your
holders Solutions Solution
Step 3: Walk the Process Step 7: Finalize Step 10: Check Your
Improvement Progress
Step 4: Identify Priority
Plan
Improvement
Areas
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What makes a school effective/ineffective?

It now widely recognized that
there is no simple combination of
factors which can produce an
effective school.

(Willms, 1992; Reynolds & Cuttance, 1992)

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What makes a school effective/ineffective?

In the search for the correlates of
effectiveness, the correlates of
ineffectiveness have been assumed to be
the same. How an 'ineffective' school
improves may well differ from the ways in
which more effective schools maintain
their effectiveness.

(Gray & Wilcox , 1994)

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What makes a school effective/ineffective?

Every school is unique, each
has its own characteristics
which are shaped by such
factors as its location, pupil
intake, size, resources and most
importantly, the quality of its
staff.

(Reid, Hopkins & Holly, 1987

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 Professional Leadership
 Firm and purposeful
 A participative approach
 The leading professional
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 Shared Visions and Goals

 Unity of Purpose
 Consistency of Practice
 Collegiality and collaboration
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 A Learning Environment
 An orderly atmosphere
 An attractive working environment
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS
 Concentration on T & L
 Maximization of learning time
 Academic emphasis
 Focus on achievement
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 Purposeful Teaching
 Efficient organization
 Clarity of purpose
 Structured lessons
 Adaptive practice
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 High Expectations
 High expectations all round
 Communicating expectations
 Providing intellectual challenge
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 Positive Reinforcement
 Clear and fair discipline
 Feedback
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 Monitoring Progress
 Monitoring learner’s performance
 Evaluating school’s performance
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 Pupil Rights and Responsibilities

 Raising learner’s self-esteem
 Positions of responsibility
 Control of work
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 A Learning Organization
 School-based staff development
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Key Characteristics of
EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS

 Home-School Partnership
 Parental involvement in their
children’s learning
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

The School Principal

The school principal must be a

Effective school principals care deeply about student visionary leader with effective
success and recognize that test scores are not the communication skills and a
only measure of a quality education. desire to provide diverse
students with an exceptional
School Principals immerse themselves in all education.
aspects of the school system, principals
Duties and Responsibilities of School Principals
monitor daily activities, as well as emerging
by Dr. Mary Dowd; Updated March 15, 2018
issues.
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

 Promoting SHARED RESPONSIBILITY

for school improvement
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

 Managing education
ALLIANCES AND NETWORKS.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Sustaining COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIPS
with stakeholders
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Mr Kevin Yeung Yun-hung, JP

Secretary for Education https://www.edb.gov.hk/en/index.html
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
To introduce a participatory governance framework involving the school sponsoring
body, the principal, teacher(s), parent(s), alumni and independent community
member(s), as direct participation in school decision-making and different input of
these key stakeholders help enhance transparency and accountability of school
governance and contribute to more effective school operation.

To promote quality
To ensure key stakeholders
education, a school should
of aided schools have direct
adopt a model of teaching
participation in school
and learning and a
management, the
management framework
Government has introduced
that best suit the needs of
legislation to lay down
the students and the
rules and regulations
community.
governing its
Reasons for SBM implementation.

Government devolves more SBM brings the education system of Hong Kong
responsibilities to the schools and into a new era to tie in with global developments,
provides them with greater with the aims to contribute to the personal
autonomy and flexibility in their growth of students; build a competent workforce
daily operations, resources to sustain the social, economic and cultural
management and planning for development of Hong Kong; and further enhance
school development. our competiveness on the world stage.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What are the principles of SBM:

SBM seeks to provide SBM seeks to enhance

schools with enhanced transparency and accountability
flexibility and autonomy in the use of public funds and
in their daily operations school operations by providing a
and resources participatory decision-making
management according to mechanism where all key
the needs of their students. stakeholders are involved.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

What are the key elements of SBM:

“The ultimate aim of school-based management is to improve the standard of teaching and
students’ learning outcomes through the concerted efforts of the key stakeholders, the
leadership and commitment of frontline educators and the support of the Government.”
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

THE
GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

COMMUNITY-BASED LEARNING
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

PERFORMANCE

RESULT
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

CONVERGENCE
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION