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Advantages of Learning Anthropology

The document discusses the advantages of learning dental anthropology. It describes how forensic anthropologists work with forensic odontologists to examine human remains, including teeth and bones. Forensic anthropologists help determine identity, cause of death, and personal details like gender, age, stature, and ancestry by analyzing skeletal features. They use bones and teeth to build a biological profile of unidentified remains.

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Tiwuk Styowati
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112 views29 pages

Advantages of Learning Anthropology

The document discusses the advantages of learning dental anthropology. It describes how forensic anthropologists work with forensic odontologists to examine human remains, including teeth and bones. Forensic anthropologists help determine identity, cause of death, and personal details like gender, age, stature, and ancestry by analyzing skeletal features. They use bones and teeth to build a biological profile of unidentified remains.

Uploaded by

Tiwuk Styowati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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advantages of learning

dental anthropology

Department of forensic odontology


Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga
⊷ Forensic odontologists often work with
specialists in other fields of forensic science.
Besides the forensic pathologist, the forensic
anthropologist is perhaps the next most
common collaborating colleague.

⊷ While forensic odontologists and


anthropologists are both primarily interested in
the hard tissues of the body, the forensic
anthropologist usually devotes more attention
to the osseous material rather than dental
evidence.
2
“
The main focus of a forensic
anthropologist is to assess crime
scenes, skeletal remains, develop a
biological profile, compile supportive
documentation and testify in the
provincial and federal courts.

3
forensic
anthropology is

the examination of human skeletal remains


for law enforcement agencies to help with
the recovery of human remains, determine
the identity of unidentified human remains,
interpret trauma, and estimate time since
death.

4
what bones can tell us?
⊷ The bones of a right-handed person, for
example, would be slightly larger than the
bones of the left arm
⊷ Forensic scientists realize that bones contain a
record of the physical life
⊷ Analyzing bones can reveal clues to such things
as gender, race, age, height, and health
⊷ Debilitation illnesses (rickets, polio, healed
fractures)
⊷ Bones identification often helps solve forensic
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cases.
Role of Anthropologists
⊷ Recover the human remains
⊷ Human remains identification
⊷ Determining the time of death

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Forensic Anthropologists can
often answer many questions

⊷ Are the remains from human?


⊷ Are the remains a single individual or
mixed remains of several individuals?
⊷ When did the death occur?
⊷ What are the gender, age, and race of the
individual?

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⊷ What caused the death?
⊷ What kind of death was it – a homicide, a
suicide, and accident or a natural death, or
is the cause still undetermined?
⊷ Did the individual have any anatomical
peculiarities, signs of disease, or old
injuries?
⊷ Can the individual’s height, body weight,
and physique be estimated?

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IDENTIFYING HUMAN REMAINS

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identifying human
remains
• tooth development
• bone length
• bone fusion age
estimation

de

n
pre ature
te
sex natio

tio
rm

dic
i
n

st
• skull • bone size
• pelvic bones

10
Sex
determination
Determining the sex is crucial when analyzing
unidentified human remains. The os. pubis,
sacrum, and ilium of the pelvis are bones that have
the most obvious differences between men and
women, along with the shape of the skull, shape of
the mandible, and the size of the occipital
protuberance (bump) at the back of the skull to
11 determine male or female traits.
pelvic bones
• females have wider subpubic angle
• females have a sciatic notch > 90°
• females have a broad pelvic inlet
• females have a broad, shovel-like ilium
• females have a flexible pubic symphysis

12
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cranium
cranium is the second best indicator

• Crests and ridges more pronounced in males

• Chin significantly more square in males

• Jaw, mastoid process wide and robust in males

• Forehead slopes more in males

14
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Age estimation
The investigator can estimate an individual’s age
most accurately when teeth are erupting, bones are
growing, and growth plates are forming and uniting.
Closure of cranial sutures in the skull is also an age
indicator. After 25 to 30 years, age estimation
becomes more difficult.
16
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• by about age 30, the suture at the back of the
skull will have closed

• by about age 32, the suture running across the


top of the skull, back to front, will have closed

• by about age 50, the suture running side to


side over the top of the skull, near the front, will
have closed

18
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Determining
stature
Forensic scientists can estimate a person’s stature
(height) by examining one or more of the long
bones. Men and women have different proportions
of long bones to total height.

20
• Often, the approximate height of a person can
be calculated from one of the long bones even
if just one of those is found

• Gender and race will need to be taken into


consideration in making the estimate

• There are tables that forensic anthropologists


use (ex. Bass formula)

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BONE LENGTH AND STATURE TABLES
REGRESSION FORMULAS FOR STATURE ESTIMATION
(BASS 1994)

BONE RACE MALE EQUATION FEMALE EQUATION

Femur Caucasoid 2.32 x femur + 65.53 ± 3.94 cm 2.47 x femur + 54.10 ± 3.72 cm

Femur Negroid 2.10 x femur + 72.22 ± 3.91 cm 2.28 x femur + 59.76 ± 3.41 cm

Femur Mongoloid 2.15 x femur + 72.57 ± 3.80 cm  Use Male


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Determining race
Three major anthropological racial groups based on
observable skeletal features:
 Caucasoid: European, Middle Eastern and East
Indian descent
 Negroid: African, Aborigine and Melanesian descent
 Mongoloids: Asian, Native American and

23 Polynesian descent
• Mongoloid (all of Asian decent and Native American
decent
 wider cheekbones, concave incisors,
 width between eyes greatest
• Negro (everyone of African decent and West Indian
decent)
 more prominent ridges, wider nasal opening
• Caucasian (all ‘white’ individuals) narrow everything

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Facial
reconstruction

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⊷ Face is formed by the skull with the muscles
and tissues on top of the skull

⊷ Theoretically, nonetheless, a face can be


rebuilt from just skeletal remains

⊷ Facial markers are positioned at critical


locations on a skull, and clay is contoured to
follow the height of the markers

⊷ Today, computer programs perform a similar


function
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Thanks!
29

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