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Process Control - Design, Analysis and Assessment: Lecture 1: Introduction

This document provides an introduction to process control. It discusses how process control aims to satisfy objectives like safety, environmental protection, and profitability through regulating factors like production rate and product quality. Process control is necessary to ensure stable behavior during transitions and rapid recovery from disturbances. Both regulatory control and servo control are introduced to compensate for different types of disturbances. While process models are useful, feedback control is still needed due to model uncertainties and variations in real processes. The dynamic behavior of processes can be characterized quantitatively to design effective control systems.

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67 views7 pages

Process Control - Design, Analysis and Assessment: Lecture 1: Introduction

This document provides an introduction to process control. It discusses how process control aims to satisfy objectives like safety, environmental protection, and profitability through regulating factors like production rate and product quality. Process control is necessary to ensure stable behavior during transitions and rapid recovery from disturbances. Both regulatory control and servo control are introduced to compensate for different types of disturbances. While process models are useful, feedback control is still needed due to model uncertainties and variations in real processes. The dynamic behavior of processes can be characterized quantitatively to design effective control systems.

Uploaded by

sushant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process Control – Design, Analysis and Assessment

Lecture 1: Introduction

Dr. Raghunathan Rengaswamy


Dept. of Chemical Engineering
IIT Madras

1 Lecture 1 : Process Control : Analysis, Design and Assessment


Motivation for process control

The field of process control deals with design of control systems for a given process that will satisfy these objectives

 Safety
 Environment protection
 Equipment protection
 High production rate
 Product quality
 Profitability

Why process control ?


• To ensure smooth and stable process behaviour transitions

• To ensure rapid recovery from disturbances affecting the process

2 Lecture 1 : Process Control : Analysis, Design and Assessment


Control Example Motorbike driver on a highway

Manipulated variable – Throttle


Output – Speed
Disturbances - Variations in terrain,
hills, etc.

3 Lecture 1 : Process Control : Analysis, Design and Assessment


Regulatory Control
• Frequent disturbances to the processes prevents the
process variables from staying at their optimal values

• Regulatory control aims to compensate for effects of


disturbances through changes in manipulated variables

Servo Control

• When disturbances are neither short-lived nor small in


magnitude, one might need to re-evaluate the setpoints for
the controlled variable

• Servo control loop responds to a change in setpoint and


makes the controlled variable follow the setpoint

If we possess a model for the process, do we still require feedback control?


4
Lecture 1 : Process Control : Analysis, Design and Assessment
If we possess a model for the process, do we still require feedback control?

Answer is YES !
Models are never perfect and there is
always an “uncertainty” associated
with any model that is developed

The key characteristic of feedback control is that control is likely to work in real situations where the true dynamics encountered differs within
reasonable limits from the expected dynamic behavior

Q. How does one characterize the dynamic behavior of processes quantitatively?

Q. How does one use such knowledge to design effective control systems?

5 Lecture 1 : Process Control : Analysis, Design and Assessment


Concept of Feedback Control Motorbike driver on a highway

Manipulated variable – Throttle


d
The forward block of the Output – Speed
feedback loop captures the Disturbances - Variations in terrain, hills, etc.
changes to the output Disturbance
variables due to changes in Model
the manipulated variables

+
-
+
Set point
Process +

Controller A model of plant


dynamics is used to
predict the behavior of
output to changes in
The dynamic characteristics of the process dictates the manner in which the output moves from one
input
steady-state to another in response to a change in manipulated variable

Step Response of First Order System

Process Response Curve

Process

6 Lecture 1 : Process Control : Analysis, Design and Assessment


MIMO Control

Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs

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