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Origins History of Globalization Slides

The document outlines 5 perspectives on the origin and history of globalization: 1) Globalization has deep roots in human nature and began over 100,000 years ago as humans migrated across continents. Key drivers included trade, missionary work, adventure, and conquest. 2) Globalization occurs in long cycles of expansion and contraction, with the current period beginning in the late 20th century destined to eventually decline. 3) Globalization has unfolded in phases from ancient Eurasian empires to the modern era defined by multinational corporations and shifting economic power between countries.

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4K views8 pages

Origins History of Globalization Slides

The document outlines 5 perspectives on the origin and history of globalization: 1) Globalization has deep roots in human nature and began over 100,000 years ago as humans migrated across continents. Key drivers included trade, missionary work, adventure, and conquest. 2) Globalization occurs in long cycles of expansion and contraction, with the current period beginning in the late 20th century destined to eventually decline. 3) Globalization has unfolded in phases from ancient Eurasian empires to the modern era defined by multinational corporations and shifting economic power between countries.

Uploaded by

geyb away
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ORIGIN & HISTORY

OF GLOBALIZATION
IN FIVE PERSPECTIVES
1. HARDWIRED
 Humans are predisposed to experience the phenomenon of globalization
 Globalization is hardwired in our brains
 Globalization stems from humans’ urge to seek a better and fulfilling life

The history of globalization began 100KYA when the Homo erectus left Africa
and populated all the continents.

The four specific aspects of globalization associated with the basic human drive for survival and better
life.
 TRADE
 MISSIONARY WORK
 ADVENTURES
 CONQUESTS
2. CYCLES
 Globalization is a long-term cyclical process.
 There have long been cycles of globalization and other global ages in the past
 This contemporary global age is destined to contract and disappear in the future

3. PHASED
The beginnings of globalization are seen in the following phases each having its own
origins:
 Eurasian Phase
 Afro Eurasian Phase
 Oriental Phase 1
 Oriental Phase 2
 Multicentric Phase
 Euro-Atlantic Phase
 20C Phase
 21C Phase
Eurasian Phase AFRO EURASIAN PHASE
• starting 3000 BCE
 starting 1000 BCE
• agricultural revolutions
 cultural and commercial revolutions
• emergence and expansion of ancient empires out of within the African, European, and
Eurasia Asian regions
• emergence of a large number of cities
as trading centers,
• development of writing systems
• large-scale irrigartion-based
ORIENTAL PHASE 1&2 agriculture
 starting 500 and 1100 CE • new technologies which involve the
 started with the caravan trade in the middle introduction of the wheel, the plow,
east metallurgy (copper, bronze, iron)
 followed with the development of the Silk • increased military capabilities
trading routes around 1100 CE
• rise of new civilization centers
outside middle east
MULTI CENTRIC PHASE
 starting 1500 CE
20C PHASE
 starting 1950 CE
 trade expansion across the Atlantic Ocean and
into the Americas
 emergence of
Multinational
Corporations
throughout the U.S.,
Europe, and Japan

EURO-ATLANTIC PHASE
• starting 1800 CE 21C PHASE
• Euro-Atlantic economy
developed through  starting 2000 CE
industrialization  global flow of trade encompassing
East Asia and the emerging
economies
 global rebalancing of power and
economic flows
4. EVENTS

Points to more specific events seen as the many possible origins of globalization.

 The Romans and their conquests in the centuries before Christ


 The rise and spread of Christianity in the centuries after the fall of the
Roman Empire
 The spread of Islam in the 7th century and beyond
 The travels of the Vikings from Europe to North America in the 9th
through the 11th centuries
 Trade in the Middle Ages throughout the Mediterranean
 The activities of the banks of the 12th century Italian city-states
 The travels of Marco Polo and other European traders along the famous
Silk Road to China during the late 13thy century
 The discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1942
 European colonialism in the 19th century
 The two world wars in the first half of the 20th century
Other more specific events about the origins of
globalization in recent decades include. . .

 1956. The first transatlantic telephone cable


 1958. The arrival of transatlantic passenger jet travel
 1962. The launch of the satellite Telstar and the first transatlantic television
broadcasts
 1970. The first global electronic wire transfer of money among banks and
financial institutions worldwide
 1988. The founding of the modern Internet, based on Arpanet (created in
1969)
 2001. The terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in New York and on Pentagon
in Washington
 2014. The expansion of cellular phone subscriptions to 7 billion
5. BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES
This perspective is more focused on recent changes in the world as they have occurred
in the last half of the 20th century.

1. EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AS THE GLOBAL POWER


 US government’s extensive reach
 Global reach of the US Media
 Worldwide popularity of Hollywood

2. EMERGENCE OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

3. COLLAPSE OF USSR AND THE END OF THE COLD WAR

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